与昆虫学相关的“973"计划项目简介
An introduction to “973”program related to entomology
罗 晨；张芝利
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作者单位：北京市农林科学院植保环保所 北京 100097
中文关键词：害虫，生物安全，外来种，生物防治，绿色化学农药，家蚕，农田生物多样性，“973”计划
英文关键词：insect pests, biosafety, alien species, biocontrol, green chemical pesticide, Bomyx mori,agro-biodiversity
中文摘要：“973” program 1997年6月4日，原国家科技领导小组第三次会议决定要制定和实施《国家重点基础研究发展规划》，随后科技部组织实施了国家重点基础研究发展计划，亦称“973”计划。制定和实施“973”计划是党中央、国务院为实施“科教兴国”和“可持续发展战略”，加强基础研究和科技工作做出的重要决策，是提高科技持续创新能力的重要举措。文章简要介绍与昆虫学相关的8个“973”计划项目的研究概况，这8个项目分别是：农作物重大病虫害成灾机理及调控基础的研究、农业重要转基因生物安全研究、农林危险生物入侵机理与控制基础研究、农业微生物杀虫防病功能基因的发掘和分子机理研究、绿色化学农药先导结构及作用靶标的发现与研究、家蚕主要经济性状功能基因组与分子改良研究、农业生物多样性控制病虫害和保护种质资源的原理与方法、重大农业害虫猖獗危害的机制及可持续控制的研究。
英文摘要：The National Basic Research Program (also called “973” program) is China’s on-going national keystone basic research program, which was approved by the Chinese government in June 1997 and is organized and implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Stipulation and implementation of the “973” program is an important decision of our country to carry out the two development strategies of “rejuvenating the country through science and technology" and “sustainable development", as well as to further reinforce basic research and science and technology work. It is an important measure of our country to achieve the great objectives of China’s economic, scientific & technology, and social development by 2010～2050. The “973” program involving entomology was intruduced in this paper, which included Studies on mechanisms and control of destructive diseases and pests of major crops; biosafety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture; iinvasion biology and control strategy of alien species in agriculture and forestry; the exploitation of novel microbial genes and their molecular mechanism for pest biocontrol; leading structures and action targets for green chemical pesticide; study of the functional genomes for the main economic traits of domesticated silkworm (Bomyx mori) and their molecular improvement; principle and method of agro-biodiversity for pest control and germplasm conservation; and basic research on outbreak mechanism and sustainable management for agricultural pest insects.