不同栽培管理梨园梨小食心虫发生程度研究
Research on the oriental fruit moth in cultivated pear orchards
张利军**,赵志国,李丫丫,王怡,马瑞
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作者单位：山西农业大学农学院太谷030801
中文关键词：梨小食心虫, 梨园, 混栽, 品种, 树龄, 套袋, 性诱剂
英文关键词：oriental fruit moth, pear orchard, mixed planted orchard, variety, tree age, fruit bagged, sex pheromone
中文摘要：梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta (Busck)是梨园中的一种重要害虫。本论文采用性诱剂诱集法研究了不同栽培管理条件下梨园梨小食心虫发生的情况。结果表明，在5种不同种植模式的果园中，梨小食心虫在单植桃园中发生最重，试验期间梨小食心虫的日平均诱蛾量为10.9头/盆，与其他4种栽植模式果园的诱捕量均呈显著差异，且混有桃树的果园中梨小食心虫的发生数量多，而单植梨园、梨苹果混栽园、单植苹果园的梨小食心虫发生相对较轻。果实套袋的管理方法也可以显著降低梨小食心虫的发生数量，非套袋梨园的日平均诱捕量为13.8头/盆，是套袋梨园的1.52倍。试验还表明，不同品种和不同树龄的梨树对梨小食心虫的抗虫性均存在显著差异。酥梨比巴梨的抗虫性差，试验期间酥梨园的日平均诱捕量为12.6头/盆，是巴梨园的2.21倍，而40年老酥梨园日平均诱蛾量为12.5头/盆，是20年酥梨园诱蛾量的2.5倍。
英文摘要：The oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta (Busck)) is one of the main pests in pear orchards. In this paper, the abundance of this moth was investigated using sex pheromone traps in different pear orchards. The results showed that, abundance was highest in single pear orchard, where the daily average catch was as high as 10.9 moth/trap, significantly higher than in the other orchards. The abundance of moths was much higher in mixed peach & pear orchards than in pear orchards, in mixed pear & apple orchards and in single apple orchards. In addition, fruit bagging significantly reduced oriental fruit moth damage; daily average catches in unbagged pear orchards were 13.8 moth/trap, 1.52 times the amount caught in bagged orchards. The results also indicated that different varieties and ages of pear trees differ significantly in resistance to the oriental fruit moth. The daily average catch in Carrisp pear orchards was 2.21 times higher than in Bartlett pear orchards suggesting that Carrisp pears are less resistant to the oriental fruit moth than Bartlett pears. The daily average catch was 12.5 moth/trap in 40 years old Carrisp pear tree orchards, which was 2.5 times of the amount in 20 years old orchards.