巨膜长蝽的形态特征和生物学特性
Morphological traits and bionomics of Jakowleffia setulosa (Jakovlev)
何 嘉1，2** 高立原1，2 张 蓉1，2*** 陈 林3 朱猛蒙1，2
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作者单位：1. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所 银川 750002；2. 宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室 银川 750002 3. 宁夏出入境检验检疫局 银川 750002；
中文关键词：巨膜长蝽，形态特征，生物学特性，生活史
英文关键词：Jakowleffia setulosa, morphological features, biological properties, life cycle
中文摘要：
【目的】 近年来巨膜长蝽Jakowleffia setulosa (Jakovlev)由以往稳定种群的荒漠昆虫上升为暴发性发生并迁移至农区危害的农业害虫。由于缺乏对巨膜长蝽基础生物学的相关研究，对其开展监测预警和农业防治存在困难。开展巨膜长蝽个体生物学研究，填补研究空白对于有效监测预报和防控提供可靠的依据，同时能为下一步分析巨膜长蝽成灾规律提供基础数据。【方法】 本文通过室内观察和野外调查相结合，系统阐明该种形态特征、生活史、习性和行为等生物学特性。【结果】 巨膜长蝽在宁夏中部干旱带一年发生2代，5月中旬和10月中下旬是两个发生高峰期，6月中旬至8月中旬以成虫进入滞育状态，11月下旬以成虫越冬；雌成虫的平均寿命为（32.14±2.34）d，雄成虫的平均寿命为（28.00±3.13）d，雌雄性比为1︰1.9，有多次交尾多次产卵的习性，每头雌虫抱卵量10粒左右，平均产卵量10～15粒左右；食性杂，群居危害，喜食白茎盐生草（Halogeton arachnoideus）等沙生草本植物的种子。【结论】 该虫具有以成虫形态越冬和滞育、迁移性强等生物学特性。在生态环境发生较大变动后，能够经历逆境后迅速恢复种群并迁移危害。宁夏中南部地区种植结构调整，极大改变了该地区的荒漠生态环境，促使巨膜长蝽在经过夏季高温滞育恢复种群后无法获得足够野生寄主的情况下，大规模迁入农田系统危害。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Jakowleffia setulosa (Jakovlev), a desert insect, has migrated to agricultural areas causing serious damage in recent years. Lack of research on its basic biology has made it difficult to carry out monitoring, provide early warning of outbreaks and achieve effective control. Filling these research gaps is therefore important to the effective monitoring, forecasting and prevention of this species, and to provide a reliable basis for further research on its biology. [Methods] A combination of laboratory observation and field surveys were used to investigate the morphological and biological characteristics, life history, habits and behavior of J. setulosa. [Results] J. setulosa has 2 generations and two population peaks a year in the Ningxia region in mid-May and late October. Adults enter diapause from mid-June to mid-August, and overwinter after late November. Average life expectancy for female adults was (32.14 ± 2.34)d, and for males was (28.00 ± 3.13) d. Adults had a sex ratio of 1 : 1.9 and mate multiple times. Females carry about 10 eggs with an average fecundity of about 10 to 15. Preferred foods include the seeds of Halogeton arachnoideus and other herbaceous sand plants. [Conclusion] Biological characteristics such as overwintering and diapausing as adults and strong migratory ability allow the rapid recovery of populations and the capacity to inflict serious crop damage, especially after ecological changes in the environment. Such changes in central and southern regions of Ningxia have dramatically changed the desert environment to the extent that J. setulosa no longer has enough wild host plants to sustain population recovery after the summer diapause. As a result, the species is migrating to agricultural land where it is causing significant crop damage.