七种杀虫剂对小麦吸浆虫和麦蚜防治效果研究
Effectiveness of seven pesticides in controlling wheat blossom midge and wheat aphids
张 箭1** 刘养利2 田旭涛1 许 烨3 成卫宁1***
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DOI：
作者单位：1. 西北农林科技大学 农业部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室 杨凌 7121002. 陕西省户县农业技术推广中心 户县 710300；3. 陕西省富平县植保植检站 富平 711700；
中文关键词：杀虫剂，小麦吸浆虫，麦蚜，防治效果
英文关键词：pesticides, wheat blossom midge, wheat aphids, control effect
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确25%吡蚜酮SC、3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME、25%噻虫嗪WG、14%氯虫·高氯氟ZC、15%高氯·毒死蜱EC、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW和40%毒死蜱EC 7种杀虫剂对小麦吸浆虫和蚜虫的防治效果，为科学、合理用药防治小麦害虫提供参考。【方法】 采用喷雾法和剥穗调查法，研究它们对小麦吸浆虫成虫和麦蚜的防效，及防后对小麦吸浆虫幼虫危害损失的影响。【结果】 参试药剂药后1 d对小麦吸浆虫成虫防效均高于90%，药后3~5 d防效为84.81%~93.93%，防后挽回损失76%以上；对麦蚜药后1、3、5 d防效分别高于75%、80%和85%。在供试的7种药剂中，15%高氯·毒死蜱EC药后3~5 d对两种害虫防效、挽回吸浆虫危害均超过90%，应用效果最好；其次为25%噻虫嗪WG和40%毒死蜱EC，药后3~5 d对吸浆虫防效高于90%、对麦蚜防效分别高于86%和90%，挽回吸浆虫危害损失88%以上。【结论】 供试药剂对小麦吸浆虫和麦蚜防效存在显著差异，15%高氯·毒死蜱EC对两种害虫防治效果最好。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To determine the relative effectiveness of seven pesticides; 25% pymetrozine SC, 3% emamectin benzoate ME, 25% thiamethoxam WG, 14% Chlorantraniliprole·lambda-cyhalothrin ZC, 15% chlorpyrifos·beta-cypermethrin EC, 2.5% lambda cyhalothrin EW and 40% chlorpyrifos EC, in controlling wheat blossom midge and wheat aphids and to provide a scientific basis for the application of pesticides to control wheat pests. [Methods] The seven insecticides were sprayed to investigate their effectiveness in controlling adults of the wheat blossom midge and wheat aphid, and lost yield from crop damage caused by wheat blossom midge larvae was evaluated from unwrapped, treated wheat ears. [Results] All seven pesticides reduced the abundance of adult wheat blossom midges by > 90% on day 1 after spraying, and from 84.81%-93.93% on days 3-5 after spraying. Recovered wheat yield loss was > 76%. For wheat aphids, the effectiveness of all seven pesticides were > 75%, 80% and 85% on days 1, 3 and 5 after spraying, respectively. Of the seven pesticides 15% chlorpyrifos·beta-cypermethrin EC was the most effective, reducing the abundance of both pest species and recovering wheat yield loss by > 90%. 25% thiamethoxam WG and 40% chlorpyrifos EC were the second most effective, reducing the abundance of adult wheat blossom midges by > 90% on days 3-5 after spraying, and yield loss by > 88%. The effects of these pesticides on wheat aphid abundance were > 86% and 90% on days 3 and 5 after spraying, respectively. [Conclusion] The effectiveness of the tested pesticides on wheat blossom midges and wheat aphids was significantly different (P＜0. 05) .Of the pesticides tested, 15% chlorpyrifos·beta-cypermethrin EC was the most effective in controlling both pest species.