胭脂虫Dactylopius coccus Costa 培育方法研究
Research on methods of cultivating cochineal(Dactylopius coccus Costa)
陈海游 张忠和***
点击：1601次 下载：22次
DOI：
作者单位：中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 昆明 650224
中文关键词：胭脂虫，仙人掌，培育，平铺模式，轮放，蔗糖
英文关键词： cochineal, cactus, cultivation, horizontal mode, alternate operation, sucrose
中文摘要：
【目的】 为探索胭脂虫Dactylopius coccus高产培育新方法。【方法】 胭脂虫的室内培养模式有采摘茎片培育模式和种植培育模式两种。本研究在采摘茎片模式下开展了培育环境构筑、平铺培育、接种方式、蔗糖培育等培育技术的研究；在种植模式下进行了接种方式、轮放培育和寄主高度控制的培育技术研究。【结果】 探索出胭脂虫在两种模式下的新培育方法。【结论】 在采摘茎片培育模式下，采用松针覆土保湿效果较好；平铺培育产量较高，值得推广；悬挂培育宜采用网兜内置谷草接种方式。蔗糖对胭脂虫有明显助食作用，喷洒适当浓度的蔗糖有助于提高胭脂虫的产量。在种植模式下，宜进行轮放培育，寄主植株高度控制在100 cm之内且茎片级数在4级之内，可避免植株倒伏及断离。采用纱网撒种方式，可节约接种环节中大量人力。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To explore new methods of cultivating cochineal. [Methods] There are two modes of cultivating cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) in greenhouses, one is the host stem slicing mode, and the other is the host planting mode. In this paper, cultivation technology used in slicing mode, including cultivation environment, horizontal stem cultivating method, inoculating methods and providing sucrose to feed the cochineal insect, were explored. Furthermore, aspects of the planting mode, including inoculating methods, alternate inoculation and host height control were also explored. [Results] New cultivation methods were developed for both modes. [Conclusion] With regard to the slicing mode, a better cultivation environment can be created using pine needles, soil and water; the horizontal stem cultivation method produces high yields; straw should be put in the inoculating bag when cactus stems are suspended to cultivate cochineal; a suitable concentration of sucrose was helpful to improve cochineal production. With regard to the planting mode, alternate inoculation should be adopted; the height of host plants should be < 100 cmand spreading cochineal insects on gauze to inoculate the plants can save significant labour costs.