小菜蛾卵作为赤眼蜂中间寄主的寄生适合度分析
Fitness of two Trichogramma species and one ogrammatoidea reared on the eggs of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
舒锐豪1，4** 孔庆华2 张伟东2 生 辉2 王红托1 黄寿山3*** 秦启联1**
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DOI：
作者单位：1. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101；2. 沈阳军区老莱农副业基地，讷河 161346；3. 华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室，广州 510642；4. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
中文关键词：稻螟赤眼蜂，螟黄赤眼蜂，斑螟分索赤眼蜂，小菜蛾，寄生适合度，生命表
英文关键词：Trichogramma japonicum, Trichogramma chilonis, Trichogrammatoidea hypsipylae, Plutella xylostella, parasitizing fitness, life table
中文摘要：
【目的】 寻求快速扩繁赤眼蜂种群的寄主，试以繁殖速率较高的小菜蛾为中间寄主，评价不同赤眼蜂种类对小菜蛾卵的寄生适合度并筛选出适合的蜂种。【方法】 通过构建稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead（简称T. j）、螟黄赤眼蜂T. chilonis Ishii（简称T. c）和斑螟分索赤眼蜂Trichogrammatoidea hypsipylae Nagaraja（简称T. h）3种赤眼蜂在小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.卵上繁殖的实验种群生命表，分析比较其各自的生命表参数，以了解不同蜂种对小菜蛾卵的寄生适合度。【结果】 在小菜蛾卵上繁殖的稻螟赤眼蜂的净生殖力R0、内禀增长率rm、周限增长率λ与平均世代历期T分别为4.66、0.1633、1.1809、9.2532；斑螟分索赤眼蜂的上述4项参数分别为9.10、0.2177、1.2432、10.1432；螟黄赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生能力较差，内禀增长率rm为0.0338，且其后代性比偏雄，雌雄性比为1♀ ︰6.2♂，以至不能正常传代。斑螟分索赤眼蜂的平均每雌寄生卵数为15.4粒，显著高于稻螟赤眼蜂的10.0粒与螟黄赤眼蜂的8.9粒。【结论】 在室内人工培育的小菜蛾卵上繁殖的稻螟赤眼蜂与斑螟分索赤眼蜂对小菜蛾卵的寄生能力较强，尤其是斑螟分索赤眼蜂的内禀增长率rm与小菜蛾的相近，适合以小菜蛾卵作为中间寄主扩大繁殖，稻螟赤眼蜂次之，而螟黄赤眼蜂并不适合以小菜蛾卵作为中间寄主。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To study the feasibility of using eggs of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella as an alternative host to C. cephalonica for Trichogramma, and determine feasibility of raising these parasitoids on the eggs of P. xylostella. [Methods] Based on the life table analysis of population ecology, the parasitizing fitness of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, T. chilonis Ishii and Trichogrammatoidea hypsipylae Nagaraja on the egg of P. xylostella were studied quantitatively. [Results] Life table parameters showed the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic increase rate (rm), finite increase rate (λ) and mean generation time (T) of T. hypsipylae, were 9.10, 0.2177, 1.2432 and 10.1432, respectively, whereas those of T. japonicum were 4.66, 0.1633, 1.1809 and 9.2532. Fecundity of T. hypsopylae was highest with 15.4 eggs laid per female, compared with T. japonicum 10.0 and T. chilonus 8.9. On the other hand, the reproductive potential of T. chilonis on DBM eggs was much lower than those of the other two parasitoids, whose rm and sex ratio (female/male) were as low as 0.0338 and 0.174, respectively. [Conclusion] The results revealed that T. hypsipylae and T. japonicum had much higher preference for DBM eggs than T. chilonis. The fact that the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of T. hypsopylae and P. xylostella were so close (0.2177 for T. hysopylae and 0.239 for P. xylostella) suggests that the latter could be a suitable host for the former. In contrast, the lower parasitic fitness of T. chilonis on DMB eggs was insufficient to sustain its experimental population. We conclude that DBM eggs are not an ideal intermediate host for T. chilonis.