东北粘虫春季空中虫群的迁飞行为
The spring migration behavior of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, in northeastern China
高月波** 孙雅杰 张 强 孙 嵬 周佳春
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DOI：
作者单位：吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所 农业部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，公主岭 136100
中文关键词：粘虫，迁飞，共同定向，聚集成层，行为机制
英文关键词：Mythimna separata, migration, common orientation, stratification, behavior mechanism
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究春季迁飞粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker) 空中虫群的聚集成层和共同定向等飞行行为。【方法】 以2年粘虫迁飞盛期的雷达观测数据为基础，结合空间气象要素和罗盘信号分析。【结果】 在温度较低的春季进行迁飞的粘虫多在逆温层顶附近聚集成层，空中虫群会主动选择高温。迁飞粘虫具有明显的飞行低温阈值（16℃左右），此温度以下空中虫群密度低、无聚集成层现象。空中虫群位移方向的离散度与风速呈显著负相关。当风速较大（大于5 m/s）且风向与粘虫迁飞方向（东北）相一致时，虫群通常表现为顺风定向；当风速小于3 m/s且风向与粘虫迁飞方向明显不同时，虫群表现为明显的侧风补偿甚至逆风飞行行为。此外，粘虫可能利用罗盘信号进行迁飞定向，例如地磁场。【结论】 试验结果可为迁飞性害虫的异地预测研究提供一定的基础理论依据。
英文摘要： To investigate the aerial stratification and common orientation of the spring migrant populations of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker). [Methods] This study is based on spring radar data collected over two years, in combination with the analysis of meteorological factors and compass cues. [Results] Most moths trended to aggregate near the upper inversion surface in order to find warmer conditions. Moreover, M. separata moths had a lower temperature threshold (about16°C) during the migration period when it had low population density and did not to aggregate under this temperature threshold. Furthermore, a significant correlation between migration direction and the wind speed was observed. When the wind was strong (>5 m/s) and closely aligned with the armyworm moths heading (i.e., toward the NE), M. separata generally orientated close to the downwind. When the wind speed was less (<3 m/s) and not closely aligned with the moths heading, M. separata compensated for the cross-wind drift and even flew upwind. On the other hand, the oriental armyworm may use some compass cues (e.g., geomagnetic compass) to orient its general flight direction, during migration. [Conclusion] The results provide some theoretical basis for the off-site forecasting of migratory insect pests.