小麦挥发物对蚜虫及其天敌的行为影响
Effect of wheat plant volatiles on aphids and associated predator behavior: selection of efficient infochemicals for field study
解海翠1 Durieux Delphine 2 范 佳1 刘 勇3 Bragard Cla
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.174
作者单位：1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193；2. 比利时列日大学让布鲁农业科学与生物工程学院昆虫功能与进化学系，让布鲁 5030；3. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018；4. 比利时鲁汶大学地球与生命研究所植物病理系, 鲁汶 1348
中文关键词：小麦，挥发物，蚜虫，天敌，行为
英文关键词： wheat, volatiles, infochemicals, aphid, predator, behaviour
中文摘要：
【目的】 植物挥发性信息化合物能够影响植食性昆虫及其他天敌行为，因此，在植物-植食性昆虫-天敌互作系统中具有重要地位。目前，小麦[Triticum aestivum L.（Gramineae）] 中多种挥发物已被鉴定，为明确其对蚜虫及其天敌的行为影响。【方法】 本试验利用四臂嗅觉仪和风洞测定4种不同浓度的小麦挥发物（水杨酸甲酯、3-己酰醋酸酯、己烯醇和1-己醇）对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricus)及其两种重要天敌，异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridis （Pallas）（Coleoptera：Coccinellidae）]和黑带食蚜蝇[（Episyrphus balteatus（DeGeer）（Diptera：Syrphidae）]的行为反应。【结果】 结果显示，水杨酸甲酯仅吸引异色瓢虫。3-己酰醋酸酯和己烯醇吸引麦长管蚜及异色瓢虫，但随其浓度增加对蚜虫的吸引作用降低，对异色瓢虫吸引作用增强。3-己酰醋酸酯对黑带食蚜蝇也具有吸引作用。另外，与天敌相比，1-己醇对麦长管蚜吸引作用更强。【结论】 总之，本试验明确除1-己醇外，水杨酸甲酯、3-己酰醋酸酯、己烯醇可以作为吸引天敌，控制蚜虫的潜在用于推-拉策略的挥发物性化学信息物。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Semiochemicals are involved in tritrophic interactions and affect the behaviors of both herbivores and beneficial insects. Many volatile molecules from the wheat plant [Triticum aestivum L. (Gramineae)] have previously been identified. To understand their effects on aphids and related auxiliaries. [Methods] The impact of four of these volatiles; methyl-salycilate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, hexenol, and 1-hexanol, was tested on the wheat aphid [Sitobion avenae (Fabricus) (Homoptera: Aphididae)] and two major predators of this pest encountered in field crops, the hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae)] and the multicoloured Asian ladybird [Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)]. Different doses of these chemicals were tested by performing four arm-olfactometer and wind-tunnel assays. [Results] The results show that methyl-salycilate seemed to be attractive only toward H. axyridis but 3-hexenyl acetate and hexenol were attractive to both S. avenae and H. axyridis. However, these positive responses decreased with increased dose of the tested compounds. 3-hexenyl acetate also induced positive response in E. balteatus but 1-hexanol was more attractive to aphids than to their natural enemies. [Conclusion] In conclusion, these results highlight the potential benefit of combining methyl-salycilate, 3-hexenyl acetate and hexenol in push and pull traps aimed to control S. avenae. Contrary to the three aforementioned compounds, 1-hexanol did not seem to have much potential as a semiochemical for the biological control of aphids.