麦长管蚜及其天敌的种群发生和食物网分析
Demographic and quantitative food web analysis of Sitobion avenae and its natural enemies
迟宝杰1** 朱英菲1 Vandereycken Axel2 陈巨莲3 刘 勇1, 4**
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.177
作者单位：1. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018；2. 比利时烈日大学昆虫功能与进化系，让不卢 B-5030；3. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所农作物病虫害国家重点实验室，北京 100193；4. 山东农业大学大数据研究中心，泰安 271018
中文关键词：小麦，麦长管蚜，间作，数量食物网分析
英文关键词：wheat, Sitobion avenae, intercropping, quantitive food web analysis
中文摘要：
【目的】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae是我国冬小麦产区的重要害虫，为明确小麦-油菜间作（简称：麦油间作）和小麦-大蒜间作（简称：麦蒜间作）田中麦长管蚜及其天敌的种群发生动态，进而为麦田天敌资源的可持续利用和小麦害虫的生态控制提供依据。【方法】 本文研究了不同间作方式下，麦长管蚜及其主要自然天敌的种群发生特点，并尝试采用数量食物网的分析方法，描述和分析了不同营养阶层的互作关系。【结果】 在调查期内，麦油间作田和麦蒜间作田中麦长管蚜无翅蚜的种群密度在小麦灌浆期显著低于单作田；麦油间作田中有较高的瓢虫种群密度，而寄生蜂的种群密度在小麦抽穗扬花期显著高于单作田和麦蒜间作田；麦蒜间作田有翅蚜的种群数量显著高于单作田和麦油间作田，而对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂的种群数量变动无明显影响。数量食物网分析表明，除草蛉类和食蚜蝇类外，其他同一种类的天敌类群，对3种间作方式下麦长管蚜的控制贡献率差别不大。【结论】 麦油间作和麦蒜间作能够提高麦蚜主要天敌的种群数量，进而控制麦长管蚜的危害。
英文摘要：[Objectives] The English green aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is one of the most important pests of winter wheat inChina. To clarify the occurring of S. avenae and its natural enemies in wheat-oil-seed rape and wheat-garlic intercropping patterns, so as to provide basis for the sustainable utilization of natural enemies and ecological control of wheat aphids. [Methods] The occurrence of this pest, and a quantitative food web analysis of it and its natural enemies, were conducted in wheat-oil-seed rape and wheat-garlic intercropping regimes. [Results] The results show that the densities of S. avenae apterae were significantly lower in wheat-oil-seed rape intercropped fields and wheat-garlic intercropped fields than in wheat monocultures during almost the entire wheat filling stage. There were higher population densities of ladybeetles in wheat-oil-seed rape intercropped fields. Population densities of aphid parasitoids were significantly higher in wheat-oil-seed rape intercropping systems during the wheat earring and flowering stages. In wheat-garlic intercropped fields, the number of S. avenae alatae was higher, but no adverse effects were detected on the population densities of ladybeetles and aphid parasitoids. The quantitative food web analysis showed that, although the control effectiveness of green lacewings and syrphid flies differed under the three different planting regimes, that of ladybeetles and parasitoids was almost the same. [Conclusion] Wheat-oil-seed rape and wheat-garlic intercropping could increase the population density of dominate species of natural enemies, and reduce the population density of S. avenae in agroecosystems.