中华蜜蜂与意大利蜜蜂蜂王体表信息素含量比较
Comparison of pheromone content on the body surfacesofApis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica queens
吴小波** 田柳青 潘其忠 曾志将***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.185
作者单位：江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所，南昌 330045
中文关键词：中华蜜蜂，意大利蜜蜂，蜂王，信息素
英文关键词：Apis cerana cerana, Apis mellifera ligustica, queen, pheromones
中文摘要：
【目的】 分析中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana与意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica蜂王不同时期的体表信息素含量变化，探索两蜂种之间蜂王交尾干扰机理。【方法】 本试验通过GC-MS检测并分析了中华蜜蜂蜂王和意大利蜜蜂蜂王刚出房、性成熟时期以及婚飞过程中体表信息素含量变化。【结果】 研究结果表明：中华蜜蜂性成熟蜂王在飞行过程中，其体表9-ODA含量显著高于刚出房蜂王，9-HDA显著高于刚出房蜂王和性成熟蜂王；意大利蜜蜂飞行蜂王在9-ODA含量也显著高于刚出房蜂王。另外，意大利蜜蜂性成熟期蜂王在9-ODA、9-HDA、10-HDA含量显著高于中华蜜蜂蜂王，而两蜂种蜂王体表信息素在婚飞时期差异不显著。【结论】同种蜂王不同发育时期，其体表信息素含量存在差异；中华蜜蜂蜂王与意大利蜂王在婚飞过程中，其体表信息素差异不显著，但部分体表信息素在性成熟而未进行婚飞时差异显著。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To compare pheromones on the surface of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica queens across different life stages and explore the mechanism of queen mating interference between the two species. [Methods] The components of pheromones on the surface of newly emerged queens, sexually-mature queens and queens engaged in mating-flights were analyzed by GC-MS. [Results] The results were as follows：in A. c. cerana colonies, 9-ODA was significantly higher in queens engaged in mating-flights than in newly emerged queens while 9-HDA was significantly higher in queens engaged in mating-flights than in newly emerged and sexually mature queens. In A. m. ligustica colonies, 9-ODA was significantly higher in queens engaged in mating-flights than in newly emerged queens. In addition, 9-ODA, 9-HDA and 10-HDA were significantly higher on the body surface of sexually mature A. m. ligustica queens than on sexually mature A. c. cerana queens, but queens engaged in mating-flights had no significant between-species difference in the amount of these pheromones. [Conclusion] The quantities pheromones of A. c. cerana and A. m. ligustica queens change during maturation and the content of some pheromones was slightly different in sexually mature queens of these two species. No significant between-species difference in pheromones was detected in queens performing mating flights.