异色瓢虫不同色斑型成虫的耐寒性研究
Cold tolerance of different adult elytral color morphs inHarmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
赵 静1, 2** 肖 达3 李晓莉1 许永玉2*** 王 甦3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.047
作者单位：1. 潍坊科技学院，寿光 262700; 2. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018; 3. 北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所，北京 100089
中文关键词：异色瓢虫，色斑型，过冷却点，低温存活能力，越冬策略
英文关键词：Harmonia axyridis, elytral color morphs, SCP, cold survival ability, overwintering strategy
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridi不同色斑型成虫的耐寒能力，以明确其色斑型比例所呈现的季节性变化的适应意义。【方法】 本文测定了异色瓢虫实验种群和自然种群不同色斑型成虫的过冷却点（Supercooling point, SCP）及低温存活率。【结果】 同一发育温度下异色瓢虫实验种群不同色斑型成虫的SCP和低温存活率均没有显著性差异（P>0.05），但是低温暴露中饲养在25℃下成虫的存活率下降更为剧烈。异色瓢虫自然种群黑底型与黄底型成虫的SCP呈现出明显的季节性变化，其SCP在7月份最高，分别为﹣8.2℃和﹣7.5℃; 在1月份达到最低，分别为﹣16.8℃和﹣18.2℃。越冬开始（11月）黑底型成虫的SCP低于黄底型成虫的，整个越冬期间黄底型成虫的SCP一直低于黑底型成虫的，但是异色瓢虫黑底型与黄底型越冬成虫的低温存活率却没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。【结论】 越冬期间异色瓢虫黄底型成虫的SCP低于黑底型的，这样可以通过体液过冷却的方式来避免结冰造成的伤害，以增强其越冬种群的耐寒能力，这也可能是越冬期间异色瓢虫黄底型成虫数量显著上升的一个原因。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the adaptive significance of seasonal changes in different adult elytral color morphs of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). [Methods] We measured the supercooling point (SCP) and cold survival rate of different elytral color morphs. [Results] There was no significant difference in the SCP and cold survival rate of melanic and non- melanic adults from experimental populations reared at the same temperature (P > 0.05). However, the survival rate of adults reared at 25℃ decreased more severely with duration of cold-exposure. In addition, the SCP of melanic and non- melanic adults from natural populations displayed obvious seasonal variation. SCPs were highest in July (﹣8.2℃and ﹣7.5℃, respectively) and lowest in January (﹣16.8℃ and ﹣18.2℃, respectively). At the beginning of overwintering, the SCP of melanic adults was lower than that of non- melanic adults, but the SCP of non-melanic adults was lower than that of overwintering melanic adults . However, there was no significant difference in survival rate between melanic and non-melanic overwintering adults. [Conclusion] The SCP of non-melanic adults was lower than melanic adults during overwintering which could help to prevent freezing damage through body fluids supercooling and enhance the cold tolerance of overwintering adults. This was one of the important reasons that the proportion of non-melanic adults markedly increased during overwintering.