光照对蟋蟀Gryllus varius (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) 的若虫活动、发育及新陈代谢的影响
Effects of photoperiods on activity level, developmental time, body size and metabolic rate in the nymph of cricket, Gryllus varius (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
李晓婷** TAKEDA Makio ***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.049
作者单位：日本神户大学农学研究科 神户6578501
中文关键词：光周期，活动，发育时间，体长，代谢速率，蟋蟀
英文关键词：photoperiods, activity, developmental time, body size, metabolic rate, crickets
中文摘要：【目的】 测试光照对蟋蟀Gryllus varius (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)行为和发育的调节，包括对活动水平、发育时间、体长以及饮食的影响。【方法】 通过摄像机监控蟋蟀若虫的行为活动进行观察并对其行为进行分析研究。【结果】 与长光照（16L︰8D）相比，在短光照 （12L︰12D）下，蟋蟀若虫发育时间长，个体大，但是活动和排泄物都比较少。结果表明，在长光照下，若虫的代谢速率快。两种不同光照的影响结果差异性显著。此外，研究结果表明体型较大的生物存活时间长，但是代谢速率慢并且活动水平低。 【结论】光周期显著影响蟋蟀若虫的发育。活动水平、发育时间、个体大小和代谢速率之间存在着一定的联系，体型较大的个体存活时间长，但是代谢速率慢并且活动水平低；反之，体型小的个体存活时间短，代谢速率快并且活动水平高。
英文摘要： [Objectives] In order to investigate photoperiodic modulation on the behavior and development of the crickets, including the effects on activity level, developmental time, body size and feeding. [Methods] Observation was manipulated by using video camera to monitor the activity of the nymphs and analyzed the behaviors. [Results] Under 12L︰12D, nymphal development took longer, reached a relatively larger body size but the activity level was lower with less defecation than under 16L︰ 8D. This suggests that the metabolic rate was higher in long photoperiod. The differences between the two photoperiods were statistically significant. The result also indicated that bigger animals tended to live longer at a lower metabolic rate with lower activity level. [Conclusion] The photoperiods definitely affect the development of the crickets. There may be a specific connection that combines the activity level, developmental time, body size and metabolic rate together. The bigger individuals tend to live longer at a lower metabolic rate with lower activity level, while the smaller ones live shorter at higher metabolic rate and activity level.