粤北晚稻褐飞虱发生动态
Population dynamics of the brown planthopper Nilaparvatalugens (Stal) in late rice in northern Guangdong
方 帆1** 陈 晓1 陈玉托2 陆明红3 翟保平1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.095
作者单位：1. 南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部和农业部重点实验室，南京 210095； 2. 广东省农业有害生物预警防控中心，广州 510500；3. 全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100125
中文关键词：褐飞虱，秋季回迁，降落机制，暴发
英文关键词：brown planthopper, autumn migration, landing mechanism, out-break
中文摘要： 【目的】 粤北地区是褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)（BPJ）后期回迁重点区域。阐释后期褐飞虱回迁对粤北稻区的影响，可为其预测预报提供依据。【方法】 利用轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT对2006—2012年粤北地区秋季回迁的褐飞虱主要峰次进行轨迹模拟，用气象制图工具GrADS分析2011年粤北褐飞虱回迁的降落机制，解析粤北地区后期回迁褐飞虱虫源地及其降落机制。【结论】 （1）粤西北地区主要虫源地分布于湖南南部、福建南部和江西，粤东北地区虫源地主要分布于江西南部、福建南部以及广东东南沿海稻区。其中，地形因素是造成两地虫源差异的主要原因。（2）通过粤北地区2011年秋季几个迁入高峰日各气象要素分析结果显示，低空急流能为主降区输入褐飞虱虫源；低层切变线和强降雨过程是造成粤西北褐飞虱大规模降落的主要因素。（3）2011年粤北晚稻褐飞虱出现两个回迁高峰（8月下旬至9月上旬、9月下旬至10月上旬），随着晚稻进入分蘖抽穗期，良好的食料条件加之两次较大的回迁峰加重了褐飞虱对晚稻的危害。（4）8—9月份虫源地适宜的温度以及降水条件造成褐飞虱增殖暴发重要气候因素。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Northern Guangdong is one of the most important autumn migration areas of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH).Understanding the factors influencing the autumn immigration of the BPH inlate rice fields in northern Guangdong will therefore provide useful information for forecasting outbreaks of this pest. [Methods] The source areas of the autumn migration of the BPH were studied by trajectory analysis based on daily light-trap catches from 2006 to 2012. We used NCEP-NCAR to reanalyze data with GrADS to identify key climatic factors affecting the migration of the BPH in autumn 2011. [Conclusion] (1) The source areas of BPHs in northwestern Guangdong were mainly southern Hunan, southern Fujian and Jiangxi. However, the source areas of BPHs in northeastern Guangdong were southern Fujian, southern Jiangxi and eastern Guangdong. The difference in the source populations of these two parts of Guangdong is due to terrain. (2) Factors affecting the migration of the BPH in autumn 2011 were analyzed by GrADS. The results show that the low level jet-stream carried BPHs to the south, and that wind shear and heavy rainfall were key factors affecting the concentrated landing of BPHs. (3) The two autumn migration peaks from central and east-central China to northern Guangdong in 2011 occurred in late August and early September, and in late September and early October. Rice plants are vulnerable to this pest from the tillering to the heading stage; the autumn migration peak aggravated the damage to late rice crops. (4) Suitable temperature and rainfall in source areas in the autumn of 2011 were key factors responsible for the increased reproduction of BPH.