从捕食者、猎物的生物学分析胡瓜新小绥螨对针叶小爪螨的控制作用
Evaluation of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) as a biological control for Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
张艳璇1, 2** 林公羽1 魏 辉1*** 林坚贞1 田瑞冬3 陈 霞1 孙 莉
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.007
作者单位：1. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福州 350013；2. 福建省农作物害虫天敌资源工程技术研究中心，福州 350013；3. 北京市密云县园林绿化局，密云县 101500
中文关键词：胡瓜新小绥螨，针叶小爪螨，实验种群生命表，生物防治
英文关键词：Neoseiulus cucumeris, Oligonychus ununguis, experiment population life table, bio-control
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了研究胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris（Oudemans）对针叶小爪螨Oligonychus ununguis（Jacobi）的控制能力，为大田防治提供依据。【方法】 应用胡瓜新小绥螨和针叶小爪螨的生物学与实验种群生命表的数据进行比较分析。【结果】 研究表明：①在（20±1）～（32±1）℃温度条件下，取食针叶小爪螨的胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨、若螨、成螨均能正常生长和繁殖，发育历期随着温度升高而缩短；②在（20±1）、（25±1）、（30±1）、（32±1）℃温度条件下，以针叶小爪螨为食物的胡瓜新小绥螨的产卵量分别为（37.8±5.15）、（52.9±1.92）、（49.5±6.50）、（42.0±6.34）粒，而在同等温度条件下，取食板栗叶片的针叶小爪螨的产卵量分别高出胡瓜新小绥螨的141%、169%、194%和149%； ③在（20±1）、（25±1）、（30±1）和（32±1）℃温度条件下，针叶小爪螨的净增殖率（R0）分别为36.5453、66.9788、66.2848、45.4846，比胡瓜新小绥螨高出72.88%、118.36%、92.12%、93.55%，说明针叶小爪螨的生殖潜能与产雌率高于胡瓜新小绥螨，而胡瓜新小绥螨每一世代周期（T）为29.6337、24.2193、20.2165、22.2009 d，分别短于针叶小爪螨46.75%、42.03%、39.13%、29.63%；④在（20±1）、（25±1）、（30±1）℃温度条件下，胡瓜新小绥螨的内禀增长率（rm）为0.1030、0.1413、0.1699，分别高于针叶小爪螨的127%、105%、106%，而在（32±1）℃条件下针叶小爪螨的内禀增长率（rm=0.1636）高于胡瓜新小绥螨的115%，说明高温有利于针叶小爪螨的种群增长。【结论】 在针叶小爪螨初发生期释放胡瓜新小绥螨能有效地控制其种群增长。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To study the effectiveness of using Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) as a biological control for Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) in the field. [Methods] The biological and life table parameters of N. cucumeris and O. ununguis were analyzed. [Results] ① The developmental period of N. cucumeris feeding on O. ununguis shortened as temperature increased from 21 to 33℃; ② The average female fecundity of N. cucumeris at temperatures of (20±1), (25±1), (30±1) and (32±1)℃ was (37.8±5.15), (52.9±1.92), (49.5±6.50) and (42.0±6.34) lower, respectively, than those of their prey. At the same temperatures, the fecundity of O. ununguis feeding on chestnut leaves were 141%, 169%, 194% and 149% higher than those of N. cucumeris; ③ The net reproductive rate (R0) of O. ununguis at the four temperatures tested were 36.5453, 66.9788, 66.284 and 45.4846; which were 72.88%, 118.36%, 92.12% and 93.55% higher, respectively, than those of N. cucumeris. The mean generation time T (days) of N.cucumeris were 29.6337, 24.219, 20.2165, 22.2009, which were 46.75%, 42.03%, 39.13% and 29.63%, lower than those of O. ununguis; ④ The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of N.cucumeris at (20±1)℃, (25±1)℃, and (30±1)℃, were 0.1030, 0.1413 and 0.1699, which were 127%, 105%, and 106% higher than those of O. ununguis at these temperatures but lower than those of O. ununguis at (32±1)℃. [Conclusion] The results indicate that N. cucumeris is a desirable bio-control agent to suppress O. ununguis population density in orchards.