异迟眼蕈蚊在不同植物上的生长发育及种群参数
Population dynamics of Bradysia difformis Frey on different host plants
张艳霞** 郭苏帆 刘长仲***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.146
作者单位：甘肃农业大学植物保护学院，兰州 730070
中文关键词： 异迟眼蕈蚊，植物，发育历期，存活率，种群动态参数
英文关键词：Bradysia difformis Frey, plant, developmental duration, survival rate, parameters of population dynamics
中文摘要：
【目的】 异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey的幼虫取食为害作物的地下部分，影响作物的品质，为了明确韭菜、蚕豆、生菜、白菜和甘蓝5种植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育以及繁殖的影响。【方法】 本试验采用室内人工饲养测定的方法，研究了5种不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育，繁殖力和存活率的影响，并统计了其对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响。【结果】 结果表明：卵到蛹的发育历期依次为甘蓝、白菜、韭菜、生菜、蚕豆；5种植物对雌雄虫寿命影响不显著，对雌虫产卵量以及蛹重均有影响，其中在韭菜上的产卵量最大，甘蓝最少，在韭菜上蛹最重，生菜上蛹最轻；异迟眼蕈蚊的存活率随着生长发育降低，总体在韭菜上的存活率高于其他寄主植物，在生菜上的存活率均最低。统计分析不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响，净增殖率和内禀增长率在韭菜上最大而在甘蓝上最小；平均世代周期在蚕豆上最短，甘蓝上最长；种群加倍时间在韭菜上最短，而在甘蓝上最长。【结论】 由此可知，异迟眼蕈蚊均可以在韭菜，蚕豆，生菜，白菜和甘蓝上完成生长发育及繁殖，其对5种植物的适应性依次为：韭菜、蚕豆、白菜、甘蓝和生菜。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To clarify the growth, development and reproductive rhythm of Bradysia difformisFrey on Chinese chives, broad beans, lettuce, chinese cabbage and wild cabbage. [Methods] B. difformis damages the underground parts of economic crops, which causes heavily losses of growing production. Experiments were conducted in an artificial climate chamber where B. difformis larvae were raised on different host plants and their growth, development and reproductive rhythm were measured to calculate population dynamics parameters. [Results] The developmental duration from egg to pupa was longest on wild cabbage, followed by Chinese cabbage, Chinese chives and lettuce, and shortest on broad bean. There was no significant difference in the longevity of females and males on different plants, but different plants had a significant effect on the average number of eggs per female and pupal weight. The maximum and minimum number of eggs laid per female were on leeks and wild cabbage, respectively. Pupae were heaviest on Chinese chives, the lightest on lettuce. The survival rates of B. difformis decreased with development, the survival rate of each instar was highest on leeks, and lowest on lettuce. Net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were highest on Chinese chives and lowest on wild cabbage. Mean generation time (T) as shortest on broad beans and longest on Wild cabbage. Population doubling time (t) was shortest on Chinese chive and longest on Wild cabbage. [Conclusion] Although B. difformis could complete its growth and reproduce on all five plants tested, these can be ranked in descending order of suitability as follows: Chinese chive, then broad bean, Chinese cabbage, wild cabbage, lettuce.