【目的】 新烟碱类农药是目前全球应用最广泛的一类农药，大量研究表明亚致死量新烟碱类农药能够影响蜜蜂的采集、学习和记忆等行为。本文主要探究亚致死浓度新烟碱类农药噻虫嗪对西方蜜蜂5种免疫相关基因：Abaecin 类抗菌肽（ABA）、Hymenoptaecin类抗菌肽（HYM）、防御素（Defensin，DEF）、葡萄糖脱氢酶（Glucose dehydrogenase，GLD）和溶解酵素（Lysozyme，LYS）表达及蜜蜂个体生存的影响。【方法】 （1）通过饲喂管法确定噻虫嗪对蜜蜂的经口性急性毒性；（2）对蜜蜂长期（10 d）饲喂亚致死浓度（100、10、2.2 μg·kg^﹣1）噻虫嗪，然后运用荧光定量PCR技术检测了蜜蜂免疫相关基因的表达变化，并统计各组蜜蜂的存活率。【结果】 （1）噻虫嗪对蜜蜂经口性半数致死浓度LC₅₀ = 692 μg·kg^﹣1；（2）亚致死浓度噻虫嗪对ABA、DEF和LYS表达没有显著影响；但能够极显著的降低HYM表达水平（P<0.01）；100 μg·kg^﹣1噻虫嗪处理能显著增加蜜蜂GLD表达（P<0.05）。【结论】 研究表明亚致死浓度噻虫嗪能够抑制蜜蜂免疫相关基因HYM表达，这对于从分子水平上探究新烟碱类农药对蜜蜂健康和生存的影响具有一定的生物学意义。

[Objectives]  Neonicotinoid pesticides are now the most widely used pesticides in the world. Studies indicate that sublethal doses of these pesticides affect the foraging, learning, and memory, of honey bees. This study investigated the sublethal effects of thiamethoxam on immune related gene expression in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). [Methods]  (1) The LC₅₀ of thiamethoxam to honey bees was determined using the “oral-feeding tube” method；(2) The expression levels of 5 immune related genes: Abaecin (ABA), Hymenoptaecin (HYM), Defensin (DEF), Glucose dehydrogenase (GLD), and Lysozyme (LYS), and the survival of honey bees, were measured after bees had been fed sublethal concentrations (100, 10 and 2.2 μg·kg^-1) of thiamethoxam over ten days. [Results]  (1) the LC₅₀ value of thiamethoxam was 692 μg·kg^-1; (2) There were no significant differences in the expression levels of ABA, DEF and LYS relative to the control, but expression levels of HYM were significantly (P<0.01), and strongly, inhibited by sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam, and GLD was significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated by 100 μg·kg^-1 thiamethoxam. [Conclusion]  The results suggest that sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam can suppress HYM expression. These results are important for exploring the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honeybee survival and health at the molecular level.