不同食物和寄主植物对枣实蝇生长发育的影响
Effect of the different host plants and foods on the growth and development of Carpomyia vesuviana
阿不都瓦哈·艾再孜1** 阿地力·沙塔尔1*** 阿不都拉·艾克拜尔1 喻 峰2 买合木提·
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.075
作者单位：1. 新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院，乌鲁木齐 830052；2. 新疆吐鲁番市林业有害生物防治检疫局，吐鲁番 838000
中文关键词： 枣实蝇，人工饲料，寄主植物，生长发育
英文关键词：Carpomyia vesuviana, artificial rearing, host plant, growth and development
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了明确不同寄主植物和食物对枣实蝇Carpomyia vesuviana Costa 生长发育的影响。【方法】 本研究以蜂蜜、酵母膏液、白砂糖等为饲料，按不同的配比配成饲料饲养枣实蝇，观察其对枣实蝇成虫性成熟、交配产卵以及寿命的影响。此外，在室内条件下[（30±1.0）℃，14L︰10D]，使枣实蝇在枣果和杏果上产卵，观察枣实蝇对两种寄主果实上的产卵、幼虫发育、蛹特性、羽化率以及性比的影响。【结果】不同配方的4种饲料对成虫性成熟、交配期和产卵量和雌雄成虫寿命有显著影响；配方B饲养的枣实蝇成虫平均交配前期、交配期和产卵痕数、雌雄成虫寿命分别为5 d、5.2 h、2.87个/果实、38 d和19.5 d。与配方A、C、D均有显著性差异（P<0.05），雌虫寿命在配方A和配方D之间有显著差异，与配方C无显著差异。但雄虫寿命各配方间均无显著差异。两种寄主植物（枣和杏）果实上的产卵痕数量相比，枣果上的产卵痕数量比杏果多两倍，在枣果上发育的蛹长度、宽度和蛹重分别为4.01 mm、1.67 mm、4.6 mg，显著大于杏果发育的蛹。此外，在枣果上发育的蛹羽化率和性比显著高于杏果的，分别为枣果的80%和2.4︰1，而杏果的56.6%和1.8︰1。研究结果对枣实蝇防控有实际意义。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify how different host plants and foods affect the growth and development of Carpomyia vesuviana. [Methods] The sexual maturity, fecundity and longevity of C. vesuviana fed on foods containing different proportions of honey, YE, and sugar, were measured and compared. In addition, the effects of different host plant fruits (jujube and apricot) on the fecundity, larval growth，pupal characteristics, rate of adult emergence, and offspring sex ratio were determined under indoor conditions at (30±1.0)℃，14L︰10D. [Results] The four different foods significantly affected the sexual maturity, mating period, fecundity and longevity of adult insects. The pre-mating period, mating period, and egg-laying period, of adults fed on food B were 5 d, 5.2 h, 2.87 individual, respectively, and longevity was 38 d for females and 19.5 d for males. These results for food B are significantly different from those obtained for foods A, C, and D. Longevity of female insects that were fed on foods A and D were significantly different from each other but the longevity of those fed food C was not significantly different from those fed on foods A and D. Diet had no effect on the longevity of male insects. Twice and many oviposition marks were found on jujubes as on apricots. The length, width and weight of pupae on jujubes (4.01 mm, 1.67 mm and 4.6 mg, respectively) were significantly greater than those on apricots, and the rate of adult emergence and sex ratio were significantly lower on apricots (56.6% and 1.8︰1, respectively) than on jujubes (80% and 2.4︰1, respectively). The result of this study have practical significance for the prevention and control of C. vesuviana.