中华稻蝗不同龄期的形态多样性研究
Age-related morphological changes in Oxya chinensis
胡 鑫；潘晓丹；周斌灵；王奇美；陈佳航；王海瑞；白义
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.050
作者单位：浙江省植物进化生态学与保护重点实验室，台州学院，台州 318000；台州学院生态研究所，台州 318000； 台州学院体育科学学院，台州 318000
中文关键词：中华稻蝗，龄，个体发育，几何形态测量学
英文关键词：Oxya chinensis, ages, individual development, geometric morphometrics
中文摘要：
【目的】 中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis的个体发育中经历体型渐变发育过程，随着龄期增加，一些功能器官逐渐发育完善，并执行相应的功能。研究中华稻蝗的个体发育规律，对于充分认识蝗虫体型的形成规律，机体结构与功能的关系，具有重要意义。【方法】 本研究运用几何形态测量学方法分析不同虫龄的中华稻蝗身体结构的发育过程，探讨各器官结构的形成规律以及其功能的实现。【结果】 研究结果表明：中华稻蝗不同龄的后翅、前胸背板、腹板、颜面、后足股节大小存在显著差异，随着虫龄的增加，各结构呈线性增大。PCA法和薄板样条法结果表明后翅从4龄到6龄，翅型结构呈渐变规律，成虫时肘脉域变小，轭脉域及臀脉域扩大，后翅的形状随其功能的实现显著不同于翅芽时期。前胸背板、颜面和后足股节随虫龄的增加在PC1轴呈渐变规律，随着取食和运动能力的增强，前胸背板变得更加宽阔、颜面的颊侧更加宽大，后足股节更加细长。腹板的形状在低龄阶段差异不大，成虫时在后足股节的着生区大而且向外突出。【结论】 中华稻蝗不同虫龄间在后翅、前胸背板、腹板、颜面、后足股节等功能器官上存在显著差异。随着龄期的增加，各功能器官的形态呈渐变规律，然而这些功能器官的形成并非等比例扩大，而是形成特定的形态来实现其功能。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Oxya chinensis undergoes gradual morphological change during development and investigating these changes are important to understanding the form and function of adult grasshopper morphology. [Methods] The body structure of O. chinensis of different ages was analyzed using geometric morphometric methods and the regularity of the structure of each organ, and its functionality, were inferred. [Results] There were significant differences in the size of the hindwings, pronotum, sternum, frons and femur of O. chinensis of different ages. The size of these organs increased almost linearly with age. PCA and thin-plate spline analyses show that hindwing shape changed gradually from the fourth instar to the sixth; its cubital region becoming smaller, and the jugal and anal region expanding. The shape of the pronotum, frons and femur also changed gradually with age on the PC1 axis. Thin-plate spline results show that the pronotum became wider, the cheek of the frons broader and the femur slenderer. The adult and larval sternum do not differ significantly in shape, however the adult sternum is larger and has a more prominent femoral attachment area. [Conclusion] Various functional organs of O. chinensis, such as the hindwings, pronotum, sternum, frons and femur, differ significantly in shape in different developmental stages. The shape of these functional organs changed gradually with age, but, reflecting the functional requirements of each organ, different parts of each organs did not increase equally in size.