内蒙古典型草原粪食性金龟的取食偏好和日活动节律特征
Feeding preferences and daily activity rhythms of dung beetles on the Inner Mongolian steppe
翟 娜；阿拉腾巴根；刘新民
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2018.055
作者单位：内蒙古师范大学，生命科学与技术学院，呼和浩特 010022；内蒙古师范大学，生命科学与技术学院，呼和浩特 010022；内蒙古师范大学，生命科学与技术学院，呼和浩特 010022
中文关键词：粪食性金龟，取食偏好，多食性，日活动节律，内蒙古典型草原
英文关键词：dung beetle, feeding preference, polyphagy, daily activity rhythm, Inner Mongolia steppe
中文摘要：
【目的】 为研究内蒙古典型草原粪食性金龟对放牧牲畜粪的取食偏好和日活动节律特征。 【方法】 2010年6、8和10月，以3种放牧牲畜（牛、马和羊）鲜粪块为诱饵，采用诱捕法采集粪食性金龟。【结果】 内蒙古典型草原粪食性金龟显示对3种放牧牲畜（牛、马和羊）粪块的多食性特征，但不同功能群或不同物种显示不同取食偏好以及不同的日活动节律特征。中型掘洞型粪食性金龟（如小驼嗡蜣螂Onthophagus gibbulus、黑缘嗡蜣螂O. marginalis nigrimargo和游荡蜉金龟Aphodius erraticus）显示对牛粪的取食偏好、以及昼行性行为特征；中型和小型粪居型粪食性金龟（如马粪蜉金龟A. subterraneus、泥蜉金龟A. sordescens和符号蜉金龟A. comma等）则偏好取食马粪，小型粪居型粪食性金龟（如符号蜉金龟）有全天活动的行为特征。【结论】 在内蒙古典型草原粪食性金龟取食偏好和日活动节律的形成和进化中，体型和行为特征是主要内因，牲畜粪块的外形和理化性质、以及季节更替中的气温变化是重要外因。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To understand the feeding preferences and daily activity rhythms of dung beetles on typical Inner Mongolian steppe. [Methods] Fresh dung of three kinds of livestock (cattle, horse and sheep) were used to lure dung beetles into pitfall traps in the spring, summer and autumn of 2010. [Results] Dung beetles were attracted by all 3 kinds of livestock dung but those with different feeding habits had different preferences and daily activity rhythms. The medium-sized paracoprids (e.g. Onthophagus gibbulus, O. marginalis nigrimargo and Aphodius erraticus) preferred cattle dung and were diurnal whereas the medium to small-sized endocoprids (e.g. A. subterraneus, A. immundus and A. comma) preferred horse dung and small endocoprids (e.g. A. comma) were unusual in being active day and night. [Conclusion] The body size and feeding habits (e.g. paracoprid or endocoprid) of dung beetles were important endogenous factors affecting their diurnal rhythm but the size and physicochemical properties of dung, as well as seasonal temperature variation in the grassland environment, were important external factors.