释放不同种类赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果比较
The effectiveness of releasing different Trichogramma species to control the Asian corn borer
王连霞1** 李敦松2 罗宝君1 赵秀梅1 郑 旭1 袁 明1 姜晓军1 何康来3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.027
作者单位：（1. 黑龙江省农业科学院，齐齐哈尔分院，齐齐哈尔 161006；2. 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，广州 510640；
中文关键词：赤眼蜂；亚洲玉米螟；适期释放；防治效果
英文关键词：Trichogramma; Ostrinia furnacalis; mass release; control efficacy
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究适宜黑龙江省第二积温带应用赤眼蜂Trichogramma sp.防治亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的的蜂种及合理的放蜂时期。【方法】 2016-2017年，在齐齐哈尔市玉米田人工释放玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae、松毛虫赤眼蜂T. dendrolimi和螟黄赤眼蜂T. chilonis防治亚洲玉米螟。于6月30日第1次释放蜂15 000头/hm2，8月5日第2次释放蜂30 000头/hm2。【结果】 释放不同蜂种田的亚洲玉米螟卵块被寄生率间差异显著，以释放玉米螟赤眼蜂田的寄生率最高，平均为
95.7%，比未放蜂对照田的自然寄生率提高了49.0%。其次为松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂，平均寄生率分别为75.0%和71.0%。两年试验结果表明释放3种不同赤眼蜂的玉米田平均被害株率、百株残存虫量和蛀孔数差异显著，综合防治效果以释放玉米螟赤眼蜂最高，为78.1%，其次是松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂，分别为66.2% 和60.2%。【结论】 玉米螟赤眼蜂是黑龙江省第二积温带防治玉米螟的适宜释放蜂种，第1次放蜂时间提早到6月30日左右。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To identify locally adapted Trichogramma species and determine the optimal date to release these to control the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) in the Second Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang Province. [Methods] Multiple releases of Trichogramma ostriniae, T. dendrolimi, and T. chilonis, were carried out to control of ACB in corn fields in Qiqihar in 2016 and 2017. The release regime included a first release of 15 000 wasps per hectare on the 30th of June and a second release of 30 000 wasps per hectare on the 5th of August. [Results] There were significant differences in the rate of parasitism on ACB egg masses among the three Trichogramma species released. The highest average parasitism rate (95.7%), 49.0% higher than that in control fields, was achieved by releasing T. ostriniae. The second highest average parasitism rate (74.1%) was achieved by releasing T. dendrolimi. The lowest average parasitism rate (69.7%) was recorded following the release of T. chilonis. There were significant differences among the different Trichogramma species released in terms of percentage of damaged plants, number of larvae, and tunnels per hundred stalks at harvest. The overall reductions in ACB abundance achieved by releasing T. ostriniae, T. dendrolimi, and T. chilonis were 78.1%, 66.2% and 60.2%, respectively. [Conclusion] T. ostriniae should be the first candidate for release to control ACB in this region. The optimal time for the first Trichgramma release should be the 30th of June.