不同光周期处理蛹对梨小食心虫羽化及交配繁殖的影响
Effect of pupal exposure to different photoperiods on emergence, mating and reproduction of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae
王 怡1** 孔维娜2 郭永福1 柴晓晗1 李 捷3 马瑞燕1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.038
作者单位：1. 山西农业大学农学院，太谷 030801；2. 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031；3. 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所，太原 030031
中文关键词：梨小食心虫；光周期；蛹
英文关键词：Grapholita molesta; photoperiods; pupae
中文摘要：【目的】 梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta (Busck)是世界性的蛀果类害虫，发生期和危害范围的分布较广。在不同分布区和发生期内接受的光周期均不同。实验室前期研究结果显示，梨小食心虫具有明显的节律性，具体表现在其羽化和交配行为的发生时间随接受光照时长而波动。为了探究不同光周期刺激蛹对梨小食心虫羽化以及对随后交配繁殖的影响。【方法】 本实验分别设置L︰D为0︰24、2︰22、4︰20、8︰16、12︰12、15︰9、16︰8、20︰4、22︰2、24︰0共10种比例的光周期，对梨小食心虫的蛹进行处理，并将成功羽化的成虫置于自然环境下配对，观察并记录蛹历期、交尾日龄、交配持续时间、交配率、繁殖量和成虫寿命。【结果】 试验结果表明：对梨小食心虫蛹进行处理，除繁殖量无显著差异外，其他指标均有显著差异。在8L︰16D时蛹期最短，交配率和繁殖量在全暗时最低，交尾日龄在全光时最高。雌虫寿命在12L︰12D时最长，雄虫寿命在2L︰22D时最长。【结论】 蛹接受不同光周期刺激后，不仅对羽化产生显著影响，而且对其交配繁殖也产生显著影响。这种影响方式会带来不同分布区世代数、世代周期和发生量上的差异，并且与纬度关系密切。在自然环境中，光周期除带来温度变化间接影响梨小食心虫的发生外，同样可以对其发生进行直接调节，并且梨小食心虫对这种变化具有一定的预判性。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the effect of pupal exposure to different photoperiods on the emergence, mating and reproduction of Grapholita molesta (Busck), a globally important fruit-boring pest. [Methods] Previous laboratory studies show that the behavioral rhythm of emergence and mating in this species vary with duration of light exposure. Pupae were exposed to 10 different photoperiods (L︰D = 0︰24, 2︰22, 4︰20, 8︰16, 12︰12, 15︰9, 16︰8, 20︰4, 22︰2, 24︰0) and the pupal period, mating age, mating duration, mating rate, the number of fertile eggs and adult longevity, were recorded and compared among treatments. [Results] The pupal period of the 8L︰16D treatment group was the shortest. The mating rate and number of fertile eggs of the 0L︰24D treatment group were the lowest, and the mating age of the 24L︰0D treatment group was the highest. Female and male longevity were highest at 12L︰12D or 2L︰22D. [Conclusion] Exposing pupae to different photoperiods significantly affected emergence, mating rate and fecundity. Because photoperiod is closely related to latitude, this sensitivity to photoperiod could cause differences in generation number, generation time and abundance over the species’ range. In nature, both temperature and photoperiod can directly affect the occurrence of G. molesta, a species that also has the capacity to has anticipate photoperiod.