昆虫表皮发育研究进展及展望
Progress in the study of insect cuticle development and prospects for future research
刘晓健；刘卫敏；赵小明；张建珍；马恩波
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.073
作者单位：山西大学应用生物学研究所，太原 030006；山西大学应用生物学研究所，太原 030006；山西大学应用生物学研究所，太原 030006；山西大学应用生物学研究所，太原 030006；山西大学应用生物学研究所，太原 030006
中文关键词：表皮；结构和成分；脂代谢；几丁质代谢；表皮蛋白
英文关键词：cuticle; structure and composition; lipid metabolism; chitin metabolism; cuticular proteins
中文摘要：昆虫体壁（Integument）具有类似高等动物皮肤和骨骼的双重功能，坚硬的表皮限制了躯体生长，因此，虫体生长发育过程中须进行周期性蜕皮。昆虫表皮由皮细胞分泌形成，从外到内可分为外包膜（Envelope）、上表皮（Epicuticle）、外表皮（Exocuticle）、内表皮（Endocuticle）和皮细胞层（Epidermis），外表皮和内表皮统称为原表皮（Procuticle）。脂类物质主要存在于上表皮中，原表皮的主要化学成分为几丁质和蛋白质，在表皮形成过程中上述成分依次分泌并相互作用，最终形成有序排列的表皮结构。近年来基因组学、蛋白质组学、RNA干扰技术等组学及分子生物学技术的快速发展，极大地促进了昆虫表皮发育的研究进展。本文结合近年来该领域研究成果，就表皮结构和成分、表皮脂代谢、表皮几丁质代谢和表皮蛋白等方面的研究进展进行综述，为深入认识昆虫表皮发育机制提供参考，并为害虫防治提供理论依据。
英文摘要：The integument of insects performs the same function as skin and bone in vertebrates. Because the rigid cuticle restricts growth, periodic molting is necessary during growth and development. Cuticle is secreted by epidermal cells, and consists of an outer envelope, an epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle and the inner epidermis. The procuticle is subdivided into an upper exocuticle and a lower endocuticle. Lipids are mainly found in the epicuticle whereas the procuticle is composed of chitin and proteins. The above components are secreted in turn and interact with each other, eventually forming the orderly arrangement of the cuticular structure. In recent years, rapid advances in omics and molecular biology, including genomics, proteomics and RNAi, has greatly facilitated research on insect cuticle development. This paper reviews progress in research on cuticle structure and composition, lipid metabolism, chitin metabolism and cuticle proteins with the goal of furthering the understanding of insect cuticle development and providing a theoretical basis for pest control.