二斑叶螨及其寄主植物（芸豆）营养分析
Analyses of the nutritional requirements of Tetranychus urticae
何永娟；贾冰红；吕佳乐；王恩东；徐学农
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.078
作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部作物有害生物综合防治重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：二斑叶螨；芸豆；叶片；汁液；营养成分
英文关键词：Tetranychus urticae; Phaseolus vulgaris; leaves; bean leaf juice; nutrient contents
中文摘要：【目的】 研究二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae在生长发育和繁殖中对食物的营养需求，为其人工饲料研发提供理论依据。【方法】 针对正常取食的二斑叶螨与饥饿24 h的二斑叶螨、新鲜芸豆叶片与被为害芸豆叶片、新鲜芸豆叶片与新鲜芸豆叶片汁液，比较了其主要营养成分含量差异。【结果】 饥饿24 h的二斑叶螨相比于正常取食的，其体内总蛋白含量显著增加（12.06%），丙氨酸的含量显著减少（9.82%）糖类和维生素类变化不显著。被害芸豆叶片相比于新鲜芸豆叶片，其蛋白质（49.74%）、脯氨酸（42.26%）、维生素B1（23.36%）的含量显著减少，而糖类的变化不显著。新鲜芸豆叶片汁液相比于新鲜芸豆叶片，10种必需氨基酸中有8种显著减少，其中下降最多的为赖氨酸（38.46%），8种非必需氨基酸中有7种显著减少，其中下降最多的为半胱氨酸（66.67%），维生素B1在汁液中的含量低于定量限0.10 mg/100 g，未检出，维生素E（45.00%）、B2（27.78%）、B6（34.30%）、B12（56.79%）及烟酸（27.43%）显著减少，微量元素钾（12.25%）、镁（15.60%）、锰（27.33%）这3种均存在显著减少，而蛋白质、脂肪和糖类含量变化均不显著。【结论】 二斑叶螨在芸豆叶片中摄取的营养物质主要有蛋白质、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、维生素B1。汁液相比于叶片部分氨基酸类、维生素类、微量元素类的含量均存在显著性差异。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To clarify the nutritional requirements of Tetranychus urticae during growth and reproduction in order to develop an artificial diet for this species. [Methods] We compared the main nutritional contents of T. urticae that had either been raised on natural foods, starved for 24 h, or fed on fresh bean leaves, damaged bean leaves or fresh bean leaves and fresh bean leaf juice. [Results] The protein content of T. urticae that had been starved for 24 h increased significantly (12.06%) whereas their alanine content decreased by 9.82%. There was no significant difference in the sugar and vitamin content of starved and fed individuals. The protein, proline and vitamin B1 content of bean leaves was 49.74%, 42.26%, 23.36% less, respectively, in damaged than in fresh bean leaves. There was no significant difference in the leaf sugar content of damaged and undamaged leaves. Eight of 10 essential amino acids were significantly less abundant in leaf juice than in leaves. Of these, lysine decreased the most (38.46%). Seven of 8 non-essential amino acids were also significantly less abundant in leaf juice than in leaves. Of these, cysteine decreased the most (66.67%). Vitamin B1 content was lower than the limit of quantification (0.10 mg/100 g) and was not detected in leaf juice. Vitamins E, B2, B6, B12 and nicotinic acid were 45.00%, 27.78%, 34.30%, 56.79%, 27.43% less abundant, respectively, in leaf juice than in leaves, and K, Mg and Mn concentrations were respectively 12.25%, 15.60%, 27.33% lower in leaf juice than in leaves. [Conclusion] Protein, alanine, proline and vitamin B1 are the main nutrients obtained by T. urticae from bean leaves. Significant differences among some amino acids, vitamins and trace elements were observed between bean leaves and leaf juice.