黑腹果蝇先天免疫研究进展
Advances in research on the innate immune system of Drosophila melanogaster
胡启豪；卢玉珍；余小强
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.105
作者单位：广东省昆虫发育调控与应用研究重点实验室，华南师范大学生命科学院，广州 510631；广东省昆虫发育调控与应用研究重点实验室，华南师范大学生命科学院，广州 510631；广东省昆虫发育调控与应用研究重点实验室，华南师范大学生命科学院，广州 510631
中文关键词：黑腹果蝇；先天免疫；模式识别蛋白；免疫信号通路
英文关键词：Drosophila; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptors; immune signaling pathway
中文摘要：先天免疫是昆虫适应复杂环境的关键，也是新型害虫防治的重要研究方向。昆虫通过模式识别受体识别环境中不同的病原物，激活先天免疫系统以清除病原物。昆虫的先天免疫系统主要包括体液免疫与细胞免疫，体液免疫包括免疫信号通路诱导产生抗菌肽、活性氧以及黑化作用等，细胞免疫包括血细胞的吞噬、包囊和凝结。本文将重点总结黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster在模式识别受体、免疫信号通路和细胞免疫相关方面的研究进展，为进一步研究其他经济昆虫与农业害虫的免疫机制，提高生产经济效益提供参考。
英文摘要：The innate immune system plays a critical role in the ability of insects to adapt to changing environments, and its underlying mechanism has become a new area of research in pest control. The insect innate immune system is comprised of humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and involves many proteins and molecules. Research on the innate immune system of insects has advanced greatly in recent years, mainly due to research on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. D. melanogaster is an ideal model organism for studying innate immunity due to its clear genetic background and many available manipulation tools. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and immune signaling pathways have been well investigated in Drosophila. In this mini-review, we summarize recent advances in research on the innate immune system of Drosophila over the last 20 years. We hope that this review will inspire the study of the innate immune mechanisms of other insect species and provide a theoretical basis for pest control.