Agricultural pest control in China over the past 70 years: Achievements and future prospects
中文摘要:
新中国成立70年以来,随着农业生产方式的不断变革和科技进步,农业害虫的防治策略从20世纪50年代的农业防治发展到80年代的综合防治和现阶段的绿色防控,害虫防治越来越高效、科学和环保。中国农业昆虫学家先后研究明确了水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、蔬菜和果树等作物主要害虫发生规律,创新了一系列监测预警、生物防治、物理防治、化学生态调控、抗药性治理和抗虫育种技术,构建了以重要作物生产过程和重大致灾害虫为对象的综合防治技术体系。研发的以农业防治为主的蝗虫防控技术体系、以异地测报治理为主的粘虫Mythimna separata防控技术体系、以化学农药应急防治为主的稻飞虱防控技术体系、以生物防治为主的玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis防控技术体系和以转基因技术为主的棉铃虫Helicoverpa
armigera防控技术体系等害虫治理模式,已成为国际农业害虫防治的经典案例。展望未来,信息技术和人工智能技术、基因组技术、农业生物技术等高新技术发展正推动害虫智能化精准识别与监测预警、智能化精准对靶施药、基因诊断与快速检测、害虫种群遗传调控、区域性生态调控和转基因防治技术的不断创新与广泛应用。
英文摘要:
Since the foundation of The People’s
Republic of China 70 years ago, continuous improvements in the field of
agricultural science and technology have led to significant progress in
agricultural pest control strategies, which have been upgraded from primary
agronomic measures in the 1950’s to the current more efficient, scientific and
environmental-friendly, green pest-management strategies. Chinese agricultural
entomologists have successively clarified the outbreak principles of the major
pests of rice, wheat, corn, cotton, vegetables and fruit crops, and have also
innovated a number of monitoring, forecasting, biological and physical control,
and eco-chemical regulation, technologies. They have also developed resistance
management strategies, and insect-resistant crop breeding techniques, and have
constructed a comprehensive control technology system for both important crops
and major pests. Pest management models mainly driven by agronomic measures,
source population monitoring and management, chemical pesticides, biological
measures, and transgenic technology, have been used to control Locusta migratoria, Mythimna
separata, the rice planthopper, Ostrinia furnacalis and Helicoverpa
armigera, respectively, which have now become classic examples of
agricultural pest control strategies worldwide. The rapid development of
information technology, artificial intelligence, agricultural biotechnology,
genome technology and other high throughput technologies, will promote
continuous innovation in the fields of intelligent pest identification and
forecasting, genetic diagnosis and rapid detection, targeted pesticide
application, pest population genetics management, regional ecological control
and transgenic technology.