土壤湿度对粘虫入土化蛹和羽化出土的影响
Effect of soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of the armyworm, Mythimna separata
李立坤；王晓辉； 刘佳文；王艳辉； 陈法军
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.144
作者单位：南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系，南京 210095；南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系，南京 210095； 南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系，南京 210095；南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系，南京 210095；南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫系，南京 210095
中文关键词：粘虫；土壤相对含水量；化蛹；羽化；越冬存活
英文关键词： armyworm; soil moisture content; temperature and humidity; pupation; feather
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究不同土壤湿度对粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)入土化蛹和羽化出土的影响，并结合当地冬季地表温度分析，以期为粘虫越冬种群预测及其防控提供指导。【方法】 在山东德州地区，通过设置室内和室外不同土壤相对含水量（梯度分别为0、10%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%），并结合当地地表温度，观察并分析粘虫入土化蛹和羽化出土情况。【结果】 土壤不同相对含水量对粘虫入土化蛹、羽化出土及土中历期的影响差异显著。2016-2017年，土壤相对含水量为0、10%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的粘虫平均入土化蛹率分别为75.0%、82.5%、92.5%、90.0%、77.5%、65.0%和60.0%；2017-2018年，粘虫平均入士化蛹率分别为70.0%、75.0%、90.0%、87.5%、77.5%、60.0%和57.5%。粘虫化蛹的最适土壤相对含水量在20%-40%，0%和100%土壤相对含水量都不利于粘虫入土化蛹。2016-2017年，土壤相对含水量为0、10%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的粘虫平均羽化出土率分别为12.5%、47.5%、42.5%、47.5%、77.5%、45.0%和7.5%；2017-2018年粘虫羽化出土率分别为20.0%、27.5%、40.0%、57.5%、67.5%、52.5%和25.0%。粘虫羽化为成虫的最适土壤相对含水量为60%，0%和100%土壤相对含水量都不利于粘虫正常的羽化出土。2016年11月和2017年11月份在室外大田埋蛹，发现相同土壤相对含水量处理下，第二年春天均未见有粘虫成虫羽化出土。【结论】 研究结果表明，山东德州地区粘虫入土化蛹的适宜土壤相对含水量为20%-40%，而羽化出土的适宜土壤相对含水量为60%。可见，土壤相对含水量影响粘虫的入土化蛹和羽化出土，过高或过低的土壤相对含水量导致粘虫土中蛹大量死亡而不能羽化出土。结合当地冬季地表温度分析，山东德州宁津地区粘虫无法越冬存活。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To study the effects of soil humidity on the pupation and emergence of the armyworm, Mythimna separata, so that local winter soil surface temperature can be used to predict its overwintering period and subsequent emergence.[Methods] The relative water content of indoor and outdoor soil samples were set as 0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively, and pupation and emergence rates of armyworm larvae in these samples were recorded and compared.[Results] Soil water content had significant effects on pupation, eclosion and overwintering period. (1) In soil with 0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% relative soil water content, the average pupation rate was 75.0%, 82.5%, 92.5%, 90.0%, 77.5%, 65.0% and 60.0%, respectively (2016-2017). Experimental results in the second year were similar; 70.0%, 75.0%, 90.0%, 87.5%, 77.5%, 60.0% and 57.5%, respectively (2017-2018). The optimal soil water content was between 20% and 40%, and water content of between 0% and 100% was not conducive to pupation. (2) Soil with water content of 0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% had average armyworm emergence rates of 12.5%, 47.5%, 42.5%, 47.5%, 77.5%, 45.0% and 7.5%, respectively in the first year (2016-2017) and similar results in the second year (2017-2018); 20.0%, 27.5%, 40.0%, 57.5%, 67.5%, 52.5% and 25.0%, respectively. The optimal soil water content for adult emergence was 0%, 60% and 100%. (3) Pupae were buried under the same soil moisture content treatment in outdoor fields in November 2016 and November 2017 failed to emerge. [Conclusion] The most suitable soil moisture content for the pupation of armyworms in the Dezhou city region of Shandong province is between 20%-40%, whereas the optimal soil moisture content of excavated soil is about 60%. Although the water content of soil in winter had little effect on pupae and adults, the temperature was too low for worms to overwinter. Soil moisture content can affect the emergence of pupae and adults, especially the emergence of pupae. Soil moisture content can be changed by artificial irrigation or drought to control the emergence of armyworms.