功能植物的作用原理、方式及研究展望
Functional plants: Current uses and future research
杨泉峰;欧阳芳;门兴元;戈 峰
点击:1648次 下载:158次
DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.005
作者单位:国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京 100101; 中国科学院大学生物互作卓越中心,北京 100049;山东省农业科学院植物保护研所,济南 250100
中文关键词:功能植物;控害功能;传粉功能;生态系统服务;生态系统功能
英文关键词:functional plant; biocontrol; pollination; ecosystem services; ecosystem function
中文摘要:
通过种植蜜源植物、储蓄植物、栖境植物和诱集植物等以增强目标保护作物害虫天敌昆虫的生物控害功能,已成为害虫生态调控的一项重要途径。为此,本文从种植这些植物带来的生态系统服务与功能的角度,提出功能植物的概念,认为功能植物应为天敌和传粉昆虫提供“衣(传粉服务)、食(食物服务)、住(庇护服务)、行(转移服务)”的功能,而不能为目标害虫提供“衣(沾花点)、食(桥梁田)、住(庇护所)、行(扩散地)”作用,在发挥生物控害功能的同时,还可能带来诸如传粉、土壤涵养等其他生态系统功能;由此进一步总结了功能植物的作用原理、主要特征、作用方式及其与其他相关名词的联系与区别,指出未来功能植物发展的趋势,为充分利用功能植物开展害虫生态调控提供理论参考。
英文摘要:
Many types of plants, including nectar-producing plants and those that provide habitat for predatory insects, are utilized in agricultural landscapes to enhance the biocontrol function of natural enemies of insect pests. The definition of such functional plants is, however, unclear as is their potential application in pest control. Furthermore, a review of the relevant literature indicates that other ecosystem functions provided by plants, such as water and soil conservation and pollination, are typically not considered when selecting plants for planting. This paper defines functional plants on the basis of the ecosystem services and functions they provide and summarizes the principles underlying the use of such plants in agricultural ecosystems. Directions for future research are suggested to promote the use of functional plants in ecological pest management.