温室环境对蜜蜂群势、抗氧化酶系和解毒酶系的影响
The effect of the greenhouse environment on the antioxidant and detoxification enzyme systems of honeybee colonies
马卫华；李新宇；申晋山；李立新；姜玉锁
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.111
作者单位：山西农业大学（山西省农业科学院），太原 030031；山西农业大学动物科技学院，太谷 030801
中文关键词：温室；蜜蜂；群势；氧化应激；解毒酶
英文关键词：greenhouse; honeybees; survival; oxidative stress; detoxification enzymes
中文摘要：
【目的】 为探究蜜蜂在设施环境下的适应能力及其响应，为设施内授粉蜜蜂的健康饲养管理提供基础数据。【方法】 以温室草莓授粉蜂群为研究对象，采用称重法和照相法对授粉时长1、15、30和60 d的蜂群群势变化进行监测，同时采用分光光度法检测蜜蜂体内抗氧化酶系和解毒酶系的活性。【结果】 随着授粉时间的延长，蜂群群势依次为4、2.625、2.375和0.6脾，群势显著下降（P<0.05）。抗氧化酶系中，授粉时长15、30和60 d的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性都显著高于1 d的（P<0.05）。解毒酶系中，除乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）外，其它4种酶活性随着授粉时间的延长活性增强。其中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）酶活性，30 d和60 d的酶活性显著高于1 d的酶活性（P<0.05）。【结论】 温室环境明显影响授粉蜂群的生存和繁殖，会引起蜜蜂适应环境的体内应激反应。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the adaptability of honeybees,
and to provide basic data for the healthy feeding and management of honeybees
in greenhouses. [Methods] Colonies
in strawberry greenhouses were monitored by recording their weight and
photographing combs over periods of 1, 15, 30 and 60 d. Spectrophotometry was
used to detect antioxidant enzyme and detoxification enzyme activity in
honeybees. [Results] Hives in
greenhouses for periods of 1, 15, 30 and 60 d had an average of 4, 2.625, 2.375
and 0.6 combs, respectively. Colony size also decreased significantly as with
the duration of time in the
greenhouse (P<0.05). Of the
antioxidant enzymes monitored, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was
significantly higher at 15 d, 30 d
and 60 d than at 1 d (P<0.05) and
the activity of all detoxifying enzymes except acetylcholinesterase (AchE)
increased with the number of days hives were in the greenhouse and the activity
of glutathione S-transferase (GST)
enzyme was significantly higher at 30 d and 60 d than at 1 d (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The greenhouse environment adversely affects
the survival and reproduction of honeybees and activates their antioxidant and
detoxification enzyme systems.