【目的】 调查贵州稻田蜘蛛的多样性及优势种，为利用稻田蜘蛛防治水稻害虫的绿色防控技术奠定基础。【方法】 采用五点取样法对贵州省水稻种植区内的黔东南州丙妹镇（A）、黔东南州凤城镇（B）、遵义市官仓镇（C）、黔南州毛尖镇（D）、贵阳市禾丰乡（E）、安顺市双堡镇（F）、盘州市新民镇（G）的水稻分蘖盛期和灌浆期的蜘蛛多样性进行调查、鉴定，并对其多样性、优势度、均匀性、相似度进行比较分析。【结果】 共采集到蜘蛛标本6 856头，隶属13科51属111种，其中优势科为狼蛛科Lycosidae、肖蛸科Tetragnathidae，优势种为拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus、长螯肖蛸Tetragnatha mandibulata、前齿肖蛸Tetragnatha praedonia、华丽肖蛸Tetragnatha nitens、锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa、拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata、唇形狼蛛Lycosa labialis、横纹金蛛Argiope bruennichia、栓栅蛛Hahnia corticicola、卡氏蒙蛛Mendoza canestrinii、钳形猫蛛Oxyopes forcipiformis。不同地点蜘蛛群落多样性分析表明：Shannon wiener多样性指数的大小依次为C > B > G > D > A > F > E，Margalef丰富度指数的大小依次为C > B > E > D > F > A > G > F，Pielou均匀性指数的大小依次为C > B > F > G > D = A > E，Simpson优势集中性指数的大小依次为E > D = F = A > G > B > C。不同地点蜘蛛群落相似性和聚类分析表明：稻田的蜘蛛群落两两之间的相似度都是中等不相似，其中凤城镇（B）与官仓镇（C）相似度最高。【结论】 贵州稻田蜘蛛群落物种丰富，不同地区、不同时期的稻田蜘蛛优势种有一定程度的差异。

[Objectives]  To investigate the diversity and dominant species of rice field spiders in Guizhou, and thereby provide a foundation for using rice field spiders to control rice pests. [Methods]  A five-point sampling method, based on the investigation and identification of spider diversity during the tillering and filling stages of rice, was implemented in Bingmei town, Qiandongnan prefecture (A), Fengcheng town, Qiandongnan prefecture (B), Guancang town, Zunyi city (C), Maojian town, Qiannan prefecture (D), Hefeng township, Guiyang city (E), Shuangbao town, Anshun city (F), and Xinmin town, Panzhou city (G). The diversity, dominance, uniformity and similarity of spiders at each location was then comparedand analyzed. [Results]  A total of 6 856 spider specimens were collected, belonging to 111 species of 51 genera and 13 families. The dominant families were the Lycosidae and Tetragnathidae, and the dominant species  were Pirata subpiraticus, Tetragnatha mandibulata, Tetragnatha praedonia, Tetragnatha   nitens, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Pardosa pseudoannulata, Lycosa labialis, Araliape bruennichia, Hahnia corticicola, Mendoza canestrinii, and Oxyopes forcipiformis. The diversity of spider communities in the different locations can be ranked on the basis of the Shannon Wiener diversity index as follows; C>B>G>D>A>F>E, on the basis of the Margalef richness index as; C>B>E>D>F>A>G>F, Pielou uniformity index as C>B>F>G>D=A>E, and on the basis of the Simpson dominance index as E>D=F=A>G>B>C. The similarity and cluster analysis of spider communities in different locations showed that the similarity between two spider communities in rice fields was moderately dissimilar, Among them, Fengcheng Town (B) and Guancang Town (C) have the highest similarity. [Conclusion]  Guizhou rice field spider communities are rich in species and the dominant species differ in in different localities and times of year.