普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应
Predatory functional response and search efficiency of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) larvae with respect to the aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)
白微微；高海峰；张 航；杨安沛；阿克旦·吾外士；丁瑞丰；李广阔
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.042
作者单位：新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091
中文关键词：普通草蛉；麦二叉蚜；麦长管蚜；功能反应；搜寻效应
英文关键词：Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens); Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); Sitobion avenae (Fabricius); functional response; searching effects
中文摘要：
【目的】 为评价普通草蛉Chrysoperla carnea幼虫对麦二叉蚜Schizaphis
graminum和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae的捕食反应和选择偏好，以明确普通草蛉幼虫对这2种蚜虫的控害能力。【方法】 室内设置不同密度的麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜，统计普通草蛉2龄和3龄幼虫对2种猎物的捕食量，研究普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应。【结果】 相同猎物密度下，普通草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜的捕食量均低于麦长管蚜且存在显著性差异，对2种小麦蚜虫的捕食功能反应均拟合HollingⅡ功能反应模型和HollingⅢ功能反应新模型。3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率分别为1.089和1.106，大于2龄幼虫对猎物的瞬时攻击率，同一龄期草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率及日最大捕食量大于麦二叉蚜，2龄和3龄幼虫对麦长管蚜的处理时间为0.005 d和0.004 d，均小于对麦二叉蚜的处理时间。普通草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度高于麦二叉蚜，其中2龄普通草蛉幼虫捕食麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度最高，为39.200。普通草蛉幼虫对小麦蚜虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度增加而降低，对麦长管蚜的搜寻效应高于麦二叉蚜，麦长管蚜搜寻效应的下降趋势大于麦二叉蚜。【结论】 普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜有较大的控害潜能，对于麦长管蚜的取食及控制能力高于麦二叉蚜。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To evaluate the
predatory response and prey preferences of Chrysoperla
carnea (Stephens) larvae with respect to the aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and thereby clarify the effectiveness
of using C. carnea as a biological
control for these two kinds of wheat pest. [Methods] Different prey densities of S. graminum and S. avenae were created and the number of each prey species consumed
by 2nd instar and 3rd instar C. carnea larvae
was measured and compared and the functional response and search rate of C. carnea with respect to these prey
species was estimated. [Results] C. carnea larvae consumed
significantly fewer S. graminum than S. avenae at the same aphid densities.
The functional response of C. carnea larvae corresponded to both the HollingⅡand
the Holling Ⅲ functional response models.
The instantaneous attack rate of 3rd instar C.
carnea larvae on S. graminum and S. avenae was 1.089 and 1.106,
respectively, higher than that of 2nd instar larvae. Both C. carnea instars had a higher instantaneous attack rate and daily
maximum predation rate on S. avenae than S. graminum, and the processing times
of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae for S.
avenae were 0.005 d and 0.004 d, respectively, shorter than those for S. graminum. The optimal search density of C. carnea larvae for S.
avenae was higher than that for S.
graminum 2nd instar larvae had the highest search density, 39.200. The search efficiency of C. carnea for both aphids species
decreased with increasing prey density but C.
carnea had a higher search rate for S.
avenae and the downward trend was larger than that for S. graminum. [Conclusion] C.
carnea has considerable potential as a biological control for both S. graminum and S. avenae but prefers S.
avenae to S. graminum.