产卵基质模式和性比对白星花金龟生殖力的影响
Effects of oviposition substrate pattern and sex ratio on the fecundity of Proteatia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae)
张广杰；徐 韬；杨 柳；马德英；刘玉升
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.045
作者单位：新疆农业大学农学院，农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052； 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018
中文关键词：白星花金龟；产卵基质；雌雄比；繁殖力
英文关键词：Proteatia brevitarsis Lewis; spawning substrate; sex ratio; fertility
中文摘要：
【目的】 为探究产卵基质模式和雌雄比对白星花金龟生殖力影响，寻求提高白星花金龟繁殖力的技术参数。设计复合产卵基质模式的思想，可为其他产卵于固体基质中的昆虫提高生殖力提供借鉴。 【方法】 本研究设计了5种产卵基质模式（牛粪、细沙单一基质、粪沙混、粪沙分和粪液沙复合基质）和5个雌雄比（♀∶♂=4∶8、5∶7、6∶6、7∶5和8∶4），在室外敞口棚和自然温光条件下，开展对白星花金龟成虫产卵量和死亡率、幼虫孵化率的影响研究。【结果】 5种产卵基质下白星花金龟成虫产卵量的顺序为粪沙分>粪沙混>牛粪>粪液沙>细沙，其中，白星花金龟在粪沙分复合产卵基质40 d的单雌产卵量达129.0粒，是原生产卵基质——牛粪的1.72倍；5个雌雄比处理比较，白星花金龟群体产卵量的顺序为7∶5>8∶4>6∶6>5∶7>4∶8；单雌产卵量的顺序为4∶8>6∶6>5∶7>7∶5>8∶4，最高达3.60粒/d。2项试验下成虫死亡率和幼虫孵化率在各处理间无显著差异，幼虫孵化率均在90%以上。综合分析和结合群体实际雌雄比可知，雌雄比为1∶1时，对于保障白星花金龟的群体繁殖力效果最佳。【结论】 牛粪和细沙两复合体系作为产卵基质和维持雌雄比1∶1，可显著提高白星花金龟的繁殖力。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the effects of oviposition substrate and sex ratio on the fecundity of Proteatia brevitarsis Lewis, improve the current fecundity parameters for this species, and design a composite oviposition substrate that will improve the fertility of insects that lay eggs in solid substrate. [Methods] The effects of five different oviposition substrates (cow mature, sand, cow manure mixed with sand, cow manure and sand and cow manure and liquid sand) and five ♀∶♂ sex ratios (4∶8, 5∶7, 6∶6, 7∶5, 8∶4), on adult fecundity, mortality and hatching rates were measured and compared. [Results] Oviposition substrates can be ranked in adult fecundity as follows: cow manure and sand > cow manure mixed with sand > cow manure > cow manure and liquid sand > sand. Female fecundity was highest (129.0 eggs/40 d) on a substrate comprised of cow manure and sand, fecundity on this substrate was 1.72 times that on cow manure, which is the natural substrate. The five sex ratios can be ranked in terms of overall female fecundity as follows: 7∶5>8∶4>6∶6> 5∶7>4∶8, and in terms of average fecundity per female: 4∶8>6∶6>5∶7>7∶5>8∶4 (up to 3.60 eggs/day). Neither substrate nor sex ratio had a significant effect on adult mortality or hatching rate; the hatching rate was > 90% in all cases. Based on investigation of the natural sex ratio, the optimal sex ratio for ensuring high fertility is 1∶1. [Conclusion] Choice of oviposition substrate and adult sex ratio can significantly improve the fecundity of P. brevitarsis; maximum fecundity was obtained with an oviposition substrate comprised of cow mature and sand and an adult sex ratio of 1∶1.