大豆田间节肢动物群落调查取样方法的比较研究
Comparison of sampling methods for investigating arthropod communities in soybean fields
李悦铭；高 宇；吴 磊；苗 雨；许 喆；史树森
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.048
作者单位：吉林农业大学植物保护学院，长春 130118；长春市农业技术推广站，长春 130033
中文关键词：节肢动物；群落调查；相似性；多样性；取样方法；方法组合
英文关键词：arthropod; community survey; similarity; diversity; sampling method; method combination
中文摘要：
【目的】 为明确不同取样方法对分析农田节肢动物群落结构特征的影响。【方法】 以大豆田间节肢动物群落为对象，采用网捕（WB）、吸虫机（XC）、定点定株（DD）、黄盘（HP）诱集和陷阱杯（XJ）诱集5种取样方法进行大豆田间节肢动物群落调查，并通过比较不同取样方法所得样本进行节肢动物群落结构特征分析结果的差异性，明确不同取样方法的优劣与可替代性。【结果】 WB法采集到的类群最多，且与XC法无显著差异，DD法采集到的类群最少。从采集各目的科数、物种数和个体数看，WB法和XC法可采集大多数昆虫，DD法采集缨翅目昆虫最多，HP法采集膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、跳虫目和蜱螨目种类较多，XJ法采集直翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目和跳虫目昆虫较多。群落结构特征分析结果显示，WB法和XC机法相似性为0.75，效果相当，而其它方法之间相似性均小于0.42，相互间差异较大。在农田节肢动物群落调查时，采用WB+DD、WB+HP、WB+XJ 2种方法组合与WB+XC+DD+HP+XJ 5种方法组合获得的取样相似度均大于0.75的群落特征指标，选用WB+DD+HP、WB+DD+XJ和WB+HP+XJ 3种含有WB的方法组合与WB+XC+DD+ HP+XJ 5种方法组合获得的取样相似度均大于0.85的群落特征指标。【结论】 正确选择或组合不同取样法进行群落调查可在有效提高群落生态研究的质量的同时减少调查工作量，在实际研究工作中，可根据群落对象特点和所关心的主要群落生态指标对调查取样方法进行合理选择。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To determine the effects of different
sampling methods on the structural characteristics of arthropod communities in
soybean fields. [Methods] We
investigated and compared the pros and cons of the net capture (WB),
vacuum-suction (XC), fixed-point plant (DD), yellow trapping (HP), and trap-cup
trapping (XJ) methods. [Results]
The WB method collected the most taxa, but there was no significant
difference in number of taxa collected between this and the XC method. The DD
method collected the least taxa. The WB and XC methods collected the most
families, species and individuals. The DD method collected the most
Thysanoptera, the HP method collected the most Hymenoptera, Diptera,
Coleoptera, Acarina and Collembola, and the XJ method collected the most
Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Collembola. In terms of community
structure, the results obtained using the WB and XC methods were 0.75 similar;
similarities among other methods were all less than 0.42. Combinations of two
methods such as, WB+DD, WB+HP, and WB+XJ, obtained community characteristic
indices > 0.75 similar to those obtained by the combination WB+XC+DD+HP+XJ.
Each of three combinations containing the WB method; WB+DD+HP, WB+DD+XJ, and
WB+HP+XJ, obtained a community characteristic index > 0.85 similar to that
obtained by WB+XC+DD+HP+XJ. Specific combinations of methods can be selected according to the taxa
of interest. [Conclusion] Correct
choice of combinations of different sampling methods can improve the quality of
data obtained while reducing the workload. The survey sampling method can be
selected to suit the objectives of the study.