稻飞虱是我国及亚洲各水稻产区的重大害虫，在我国成灾危害的种类主要为白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus。稻飞虱不仅通过韧皮部吸取汁液而且传播多种水稻病毒，对我国水稻每年产量巨大损失。目前，稻飞虱对多种常用化学杀虫剂产生了较高的抗性。因此，急需寻找新的绿色防治方法。当前，“反向化学生态”是化学防治的理想替代方案之一，即通过研究昆虫重要的嗅觉基因功能，揭示嗅觉感受机制，从而找到对昆虫具有吸引作用的小分子化合物，制备诱芯进行田间诱集的绿色防控方法。已有研究证实，嗅觉感受在稻飞虱对水稻植株的定位及危害中发挥重要作用，近年有关稻飞虱嗅觉感受分子机制研究方面也取得不少进展。本文对此进行综述和展望，以期为推动基于嗅觉感受的稻飞虱绿色防控技术的研发提供参考。

Rice planthoppers, the three dominant species of which are the white-backed planthopper, brown planthopper and small brown planthopper, are major pests of rice crops in our country. These species cause massive crop losses by sucking assimilates from phloem and transmitting multiple rice viruses. Because rice planthoppers have developed high resistance to common chemical pesticides, developing alternative, green, pest management methods is essential to controlling these pests. “Reverse chemical ecology”, which aims to find chemicals that can be used as lures to capture pest insects in the field, is one of the most desirable, alternative, green pest-control solutions. Development of such lures first requires functional research on the crucial olfactory system genes of rice planthoppers to understand their olfactory mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that rice planthoppers have an elaborate olfactory system that allows them to locate rice plants by tracking rice plant volatiles. This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in research on the olfactory mechanism of rice planthoppers, and thereby provides a foundation for the development of green pest management techniques to control these pests.