夏至草对天敌昆虫控害能力的促进作用
Role of Lagopsis supine in conserving the arthropod natural enemies of pests
吴长兵 刘飞宇 刘俊秀 邸 宁 王 甦 金振宇 徐庆宣
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DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.033
作者单位:长江大学农学院,湖北省病虫害预警与调控工程技术研究中心,荆州 434023; 北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100097
中文关键词:夏至草;生草;功能植物;东亚小花蝽;松毛虫赤眼蜂
英文关键词:Lagopsis supine; grass growing; functional plant; Orius sauteri; Trichogramma dendrolimi
中文摘要:
【目的】夏至草Lagopsis supine药用价值高及花期长,且广泛分布于我国华北、东北、西南和西北等地区。果园种植夏至草可以增加天敌昆虫对靶标害虫的防控效果,但具体增效控害机理尚未明确。通过研究夏至草花对天敌昆虫的存活时间以及捕食(寄生)能力影响,以明确夏至草对天敌昆虫作用的生态作用机制。【方法】 本文选取果园生态系统中常见的捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri和寄生性天敌松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi,室内分别设置5朵和20朵夏至草花处理,以未用夏至草花为对照,分析不同数量的夏至草花朵对两种天敌昆虫成虫寿命、产卵量以及捕食和寄生能力的影响。【结果】 与对照相比,20朵夏至草花处理可以显著延长东亚小花蝽成虫的寿命(t=2.79,df=66.063,P=0.001),并显著提高产卵量(F2,14=5.14,P=0.024),但对东亚小花蝽捕食量无显著影响(t=1.28,df=5.554,P=0.155);5朵和20朵夏至草花处理的松毛虫赤眼蜂成虫存活时间均显著高于对照组(t=2.31,df=68.052,P=0.014;t=4.09,df=57.667,P=0.006)。同时,20朵夏至草花处理还可以显著提高松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生量(F2,14=4.69,P=0.03),平均寄生量为59.4粒/雌。【结论】 果园种植夏至草涵养天敌昆虫,延长天敌昆虫成虫寿命增加捕食和寄生时间,提升捕食性天敌产卵量和寄生性天敌的寄生能力,促进了天敌对害虫的抑制作用。
英文摘要:
[Objectives] Lagopsis supine has high medicinal value, a long flowering period and a wide
distribution in northern, northeast, southwest and northwest China. In
orchards, L. supine can increase the control exerted by natural enemy
insects on target pests. However, the specific mechanism responsible for this
effect has not yet been clarified. We investigated the effect of L. supine flowers on the survival time and predatory (or parasitic) ability of natural
enemy insects to see if this might explain the ecological effect of this plant. [Methods] We selected Orius
sauteri and Trichogramma dendrolimi, a predatory and parasitic
insect, respectively, both of which are common in orchard ecosystems. The
treatment groups were either 5 or 20 L. supine flowers and flowers
without the two study species were the control group. The lifespan and
predation (or parasitic) ability of the two natural enemy insects were
quantitatively assessed in the laboratory. [Results] Compared with the control, the 20-flower
treatment significantly prolonged the lifespan of O. sauteri, (t=2.79, df=66.063, P=0.001) and significantly (F2,14=5.14, P=0.024)
increased the number of eggs laid by this species. However, there was no
significant effect on predation ability (t=1.28, df=5.554, P=0.155).
With respect to T. dendrolimi, both the five and 20 flower treatments,
significantly prolonged the lifespan of this parasitic wasp (t=2.31, df=68.052, P=0.014; t=4.09, df=57.667, P=0.006). In addition,
the parasitic ability of T. dendrolimi was significantly higher (F2,14=4.69, P=0.03) in the 20-flower treatment
group, with an average parasitism rate of 63.33 eggs per female. [Conclusion] L. supine in orchards
conserves natural enemy insects and enhances the control they exert on pests.
The underlying mechanism appears to be the prolongation of the lifespan of
predatory and parasitic insects, thereby increasing the duration of predation
or parasitism. L. supine may also improve egg production or parasitic
ability.