不同冷藏条件对食蚜瘿蚊过冷却点和冰点的影响
Effects of different cold storage temperature conditions on the supercooling points and freezing points of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani)
袁清婷 苟剑渝 黄纯杨 申修贤 王 雄 杨茂发 于晓飞
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.043
作者单位：贵州大学烟草学院，贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室，贵阳 550025；贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司，遵义 563000； 贵州大学昆虫研究所，贵州省山地农业病虫害重点实验室，贵阳 550025
中文关键词：食蚜瘿蚊；过冷却点；结冰点；耐寒性
英文关键词：Aphidoletes aphidimyza; supercooling point; freezing points; cold tolerance
中文摘要：
【目的】 食蚜瘿蚊Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) 是一种捕食性天敌，其幼虫对蚜虫具有较好的控制潜能。研究不同冷藏条件对食蚜瘿蚊耐寒能力的影响，为食蚜瘿蚊的低温冷藏技术提供了理论依据。【方法】 利用热电偶原理，测定食蚜瘿蚊在不同冷藏条件下的过冷却点和结冰点。【结果】 25 ℃条件下，食蚜瘿蚊各虫态的过冷却点及结冰点存在显著差异（P<0.05），其中2龄幼虫过冷却点（﹣26.18 ℃）和结冰点（﹣24.98 ℃）最低，雄成虫过冷却点（﹣22.95 ℃）和结冰点（﹣21.86 ℃）最高。在不同变温条件下冷藏食蚜瘿蚊蛹，其过冷却点在冷藏10、20和30 d时均上升且高于对照，冷藏40 d时低于对照；同一冷藏时长下不同冷藏方式间过冷却点的差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。食蚜瘿蚊蛹在5 ℃条件下冷藏50 d，每天定时7 ℃中断4 h的结冰点（﹣23.09 ℃）最低，冷藏30 d的结冰点（﹣21.15 ℃）最高；食蚜瘿蚊蛹在5 ℃条件下冷藏40 d，每天定时9 ℃中断4 h的结冰点（﹣22.66 ℃）最低，冷藏20 d时的结冰点（﹣20.95 ℃）最高；同一冷藏时长下3种冷藏方式间结冰点差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】 食蚜瘿蚊2龄幼虫的耐寒能力最强，雌成虫的耐寒能力要高于雄成虫；变温贮存和恒定低温均适合食蚜瘿蚊的低温贮存。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To determine the effect of different cold
storage conditions on the cold tolerance of Aphidoletes
aphidimyza (Rondani), the larvae of
which are used to control aphids, in order to determine optimal
conditions for the cold storage of this biological control agent. [Methods] The supercooling point (SCP) and freezing
point (FP) of all life stages of A.
aphidimyza were measured using a thermocouple under different cold storage
conditions. [Results] The SCP and FP of
different developmental stages of A.
aphidimyza were significantly different. At 25 ℃, 2nd
instar larvae had the lowest SCP (﹣26.18 ℃) and FP (﹣24.98 ℃), whereas adult males had the highest SCP (﹣22.95 ℃) and FP (﹣21.86 ℃). The
SCP of pupae in each cold storage treatment
increased with storage duration from 10 to 30 d and was higher than that of the
control group (25 ℃). However, the SCP of refrigerated pupae for 40 days was lower than the
control group. The different treatment groups within the same storage period
had no effect on the SCP of pupae. The FP of pupae in the T1
treatment group (5 ℃ with 4 h at 7 ℃ daily) was lowest at 50 d and highest at 30 d.
The FP of pupae in the T2 treatment group (5 ℃ with 4 h at 9 ℃ daily) was lowest at 40 d and highest at 20 d. Different
treatment groups with the same storage period had no effect on the FP of pupae. [Conclusion] 2nd instar larvae is the most
cold tolerant, and female adults are more cold tolerant than males. Both fluctuant
and constant low temperature storage are suitable for A. aphidimyza.