植物诱导性直接防御
Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores
陈明顺，仵均祥，张国辉
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作者单位：美国农业部研究中心 堪萨斯州立大学昆虫系
中文关键词：化学防御，防御性蛋白酶，凝集素，蛋白酶抑制剂，次生代谢物质
英文关键词：chemical defense, defensive protease, lectins, protease inhibitor, secondary metabolite
中文摘要：众所周知，植物对植食性昆虫危害的反应表现在3个方面：直接防御，间接防御, 和
耐害性。直接防御是指植物自身所具有的能影响寄主植物感虫性的所有特性。植物对昆虫危
害的直接防御包括：限制食物供给，降低营养价值，减少偏嗜程度，破坏组织结构和抑制害
虫代谢途径。目前已知的防御化合物主要包括植物次生代谢物质、昆虫消化酶（蛋白）抑制
剂、蛋白酶、凝集素、氨基酸脱氨酶和氧化酶。植物在防御某种昆虫为害时多个因素往往具
有累加效应或协同作用，并且对一种昆虫起主导作用的因素在防御另一种昆虫时可能仅仅起
次要作用甚至根本不起作用。因此，对寄主植物基因表达、蛋白水平和活性以及代谢物含量
在不同时空条件下进行广泛的定量和定性的高通量分析，不仅可以促进对植物直接防御机制
的全面理解，而且有助于在农业生产中加快对作物抗性的特定靶标的鉴定。
英文摘要：Plants respond to insect herbivory with responses broadly known as direct defenses, indirect defenses, and tolerance. Direct defenses include all plant traits that affect susceptibility of host plants by themselves. Overall categories of direct plant defenses against insect herbivores include limiting food supply, reducing nutrient value, reducing preference, disrupting physical structures, and inhibiting chemical pathways of the attacking insect. Major known defense chemicals include plant secondary metabolites, protein inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes, proteases, lectins, amino acid deaminases and oxidases. Multiple factors with additive or even synergistic impact are usually involved in defense against a specific insect species, and factors of major importance to one insect species may only be of secondary importance or not effective at all against another insect species. Extensive qualitative and quantitative high throughput analyses of temporal and spatial variations in gene expression, protein level and activity, and metabolite concentration will accelerate not only the understanding of the overall mechanisms of direct defense, but also accelerate the identification of specific targets for enhancement of plant resistance for agriculture.