云南省吸虱昆虫区系及物种多样性
Fauna and species diversity of sucking lice in Yunnan
孟艳芬**; 郭宪国***
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作者单位：大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所 云南大理 671000
中文关键词：吸虱，物种多样性，区系，宿主动物，云南
英文关键词：sucking lice, species diversity, fauna, host animals, Yunnan
中文摘要：吸虱是寄生于真兽类哺乳动物体表的专性吸血寄生虫，广布于世界各地。云南省已知吸虱昆虫9科13属44种，分别占中国已知吸虱科、属、种的81.82%，59.09%，45.83%。文章参考大量相关文献，从分类阶元、特有物种、动物地理区划和宿主动物4个方面分析云南省吸虱的物种多样性。云南省吸虱特有种有13种，占云南省已知吸虱种类的29.55%，27种为东洋种，15种为古北和东洋两界兼有种，广布种9种。吸虱在5个地理小区的分布，以横断山中部和横断山南部2个地理小区的吸虱物种多样性较高，其它3个区的物种多样性较低。相对于全国而言，云南省吸虱物种多样性较高，吸虱的宿主动物种类丰富。但蚤、恙螨和革螨等其它体表寄生虫相比较，兽类宿主动物体表吸虱的物种多样性明显低于其它体表寄生虫，1科（属）阶元的吸虱其宿主多为相对一致的1个科（属）动物阶元，反映了吸虱宿主特异性较高的事实，吸虱昆虫与其对应的宿主动物已经形成了比较稳定的“一对一”的寄生关系，这是吸虱昆虫与其宿主动物协同进化的生态学表现。
英文摘要：Sucking lice are exclusively hematophagous ectoparasites of eutherian (placental) mammals and widely distribute in the world. Up to now, 44 louse species of 13 genera of 9 families in Anoplura have been described in Yunnan Province, accounting for 81.82%, 5909% and 4583% of known species, genera and families in China. Based on reported literature, we studied the species diversity of sucking lice through the analysis of taxon category, endemic species, zoogeography and host animals in Yunnan Province. There are 13 endemic species in Yunnan. Yunnan's sucking louse species mainly consist of Oriental components with 27species. The species diversity of sucking lice shows relatively high in the Median of Hengduan Mountains Microregion and the South of Hengduan Mountains Microregionin comparison with the rest three ones in Yunnan's five zoogeographical microregions. The species diversity of sucking lice is abundant in Yunnan in comparison with other provinces of China. In comparison with fleas, chiggers and gamasid mites, the species diversity of sucking lice on mammals is much lower than that of other ectoparasites. Each family (or genus) of sucking lice has its corresponding host animals and tends to parasitize on the specific family (or genus) of host animals. The results indicate the fact that sucking lice often have a high hostspecificity. A stable parasitism relationship has been established between the sucking lice and their corresponding hosts in the long history of mutual evolution and this is a reliable ecological evidence for the coevolution between sucking lice and their mammal hosts.