四种昆虫饵料对穴蚁蛉幼虫生长发育及消化利用的影响
Effects of four insect diets on the development, food digestion and utilization of Myrmeleon sagax larvae
黄伯有,王方海,蔡毅,李广宏**,张宣达,周汉辉,庞义
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作者单位：中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室/昆虫学研究所广州510275
中文关键词：蚁蛉幼虫，饵料昆虫，生长发育，食物消化利用
英文关键词：Myrmeleon sagax larvae， insect diet， growth and development， digestion and utilization of food
中文摘要：
选择4种可规模化饲养的昆虫——米蛾Corcyra cephalonica、家蝇Musca domestica、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigu幼虫来饲养穴蚁蛉Myrmeleon sagax （Walker）幼虫（俗称蚁狮），研究这4种饵料对蚁狮生长发育及消化利用的影响。结果显示，用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮，其体重增长、相对生长率、化蛹率、蛹重均显著高于用斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的蚁狮，而幼虫历期则比斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养的短；用米蛾幼虫饲养，虽然蚁狮体重增长、化蛹率和蛹重与用家蝇幼虫饲养的差异不显著，但其相对生长率却显著低于用家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮，幼虫历期也比用家蝇幼虫饲养的明显延长。同时食物消化利用的结果显示，用4种饵料饲养蚁狮，它们的近似消化率差异不显著，但食物利用率和食物转化率均以家蝇幼虫饲养的蚁狮最高。经分析比较，在4种饵料昆虫中，以用家蝇幼虫每4d喂蚁狮1次的饲养效果最佳。
英文摘要： The larvae of Corcyra cephalonica， Musca domestica， Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigu which could be easily reared on large scale, were used to feed Myrmeleon sagax (Walker) larvae (also called antlion), and the effect of these four insect diets on development, food digestion and utilization of antlion was studied. The results showed that the antlions fed on M. domestica larvae obtained significantly higher body weight, pupal weight, relative growth rate and pupation percentage, and significantly shortened larval duration when compared with the antlions fed on S. litura and S. exigu larvae. When feeding on C. cephalonica larvae, antlions had similar body weight, pupal weight and pupation percentage, but significantly decreased relative growth rate and prolonged larval duration, than those fed on M. domestica larvae. The approximate digestibility of antlions was not significantly different among the four insect diets, however, the utilization efficiency and the transformation efficiency were highest in those fed on M. domestica larvae. It would be best for the development of antlions to provide M. domestica larvae at interval of 4 days.