蚂蚁光顾云南紫胶虫对其天敌紫胶黑虫种群的影响
The influence of ant-visiting Kerria yunnanensis on populations of Holcocera pulverea in lac plantation
王思铭1**, 陈又清1***,李 巧2, 卢志兴2,刘春菊2,郭祖学3
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DOI：
作者单位：1.中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 昆明 650224；2.西南林学院保护生物学学院 昆明 650224；3.云南省墨江县林业局 普洱 654800
中文关键词： 蚂蚁， 紫胶虫， 种间关系
英文关键词：ant，lac insect，interspecific relationship
中文摘要： 为了弄清蚂蚁光顾云南紫胶虫Kerria yunnanensis Ou et Hong对其天敌紫胶黑虫Holcocera pulverea Meyr种群的影响，于云南紫胶虫成虫期，对有无蚂蚁光顾的胶被抽样，调查胶被上紫胶黑虫的为害率及种群数量变化。结果显示，紫胶黑虫对有无蚂蚁光顾的胶被的为害率均很高，并逐月增加；其中有蚂蚁光顾的胶被紫胶黑虫的为害率略小于无蚂蚁光顾的胶被。蚂蚁光顾能明显减少紫胶黑虫的种群数量（︱t︱=2.764，df=356，P＜0.01），其原因可能是蚂蚁光顾能干扰紫胶黑虫的产卵行为、破坏卵、取食卵和幼虫并且这种保护主要发生在云南紫胶虫幼虫期；云南紫胶虫进入成虫期后，由于紫胶黑虫生活于胶被内，并且产卵于胶被的凹陷处或雄虫胶壳内或雌虫肛突孔处，蚂蚁很少与紫胶黑虫相遇，故蚂蚁光顾对紫胶黑虫每月增长量没有显著影响（︱t︱=0.970，df=161，P＞0.05）。紫胶黑虫和蚂蚁相遇的行为反应存在显著差异（χ2=4.781，df=1，P＜0.05），蚂蚁对紫胶黑虫有捕食作用。蚂蚁与云南紫胶虫之间存在互利关系。蚂蚁取食云南紫胶虫的蜜露，能降低紫胶黑虫的为害率，并减少紫胶黑虫的种群数量，从而保护云南紫胶虫。
英文摘要： The effects of visits by ants to Kerria yunnanensis Ou et Hong on populations of its predator Holcocera pulverea Meyr, and the commercial impact and population dynamic of H. pulverea, were investigated in the presence and absence of ants in lac plantations in Yayi region, Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, China. The results show that the commercial impact of H. pulverea on lac production was high and increased monthly, but that this was slightly reduced in the presence of ants. The presence of ants significantly reduced populations of H. pulverea (︱t︱=2.764, df=356, P＜0.01) by interfering with oviposition, destroying their eggs and physically attacking eggs and larvae. These effects occurred mainly during the larval stage of K. yunnanensis. However, the presence of ants had no significant effect on the monthly increase of H. pulverea populations after K. yunnanensis had reached the adult stage (︱t︱=0.970, df=161, P＞0.05), probably because ants could no longer encounter H. pulvera who by this time live beneath the lac. There were significant differences in the behavioral responses of ants and H. pulvera when these species encounter each other χ2=4.781, df=1, P＜0.05); ants prey on H. pulvera. Ants and K. yunnanensis have a symbiotic relationship and visits by ants to lac insects may reduce commercial damage to lac crops by reducing numbers of H. pulverea.