筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫寄主调查及其土壤空间分布
Investigation of host rang of wireworms(Melanotus cribricolls) and their spatial distribution in soil.
邓 顺**, 舒金平,王浩杰
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作者单位：中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 富阳 311400
中文关键词：蝗亚目， 系统学， 分子系统学
英文关键词： Melanotus cribricolls, Phyllostachys, bamboo species, spatial distribution
中文摘要： 对安吉竹博园内筛胸梳爪叩甲Melanotus cribricolls(Faldermann)的寄主危害进行调查，主要调查竹种隶属于刚竹属（Phyllostachys）、矢竹属（Pseudosasa）、大明竹属（Pleioblastus）、唐竹属（Sinobambusa）、短穗竹属（Brachystachyum）、少穗竹属（Oligostachyum）和箣竹属（Bambusa），共7个属，包括47个竹种，其中41种寄主都不同程度地受到筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫期的危害，新发现受害寄主30余种。据筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫在5个竹种林区间的空间分布表明：筛胸梳爪叩甲较大体型的幼虫在竹林土壤中主要为聚集分布。调查过程发现，除筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对竹种的危害以外，竹笋夜蛾Apamea spp.也是导致退笋的主要虫害之一，二者一并成为目前竹博园内竹笋退笋的主要害虫。此外，园内竹种也受到浙江栉蝠蛾Bipectilus zhejiangensi、叶甲、白蚁和腐生蝇的侵害。鉴于筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫危害的竹种范围比以往报道的有扩大的趋势，在竹种移植、土壤改良及敏感品种的选育应考虑到这些方面。
英文摘要： Shoots of 47 bamboo species from seven genera (Phyllostachys, Pseudosasa, Pleioblastus, Sinobambusa, Brachystachyum, Oligostachyum and Bambusa), were excavated using a special tool to examine the host range of wireworms (Melanotus cribricolls (Faldermann)) in the Anji Bamboo Museum & Garden. The other main pests of bamboo shoots were also investigated. It was found that 41 of 47 bamboo species are infested by wireworms, including at least 30 new host species of this pest. Analysis of the spatial distribution of wireworms in five bamboo species indicated that larger larvae were aggregated in soil. Statistical analysis indicates that wireworms caused less damage than noctuids, and that wireworms and noctuids have become the most pervasive bamboo pests in the Anji Bamboo Museum & Garden. We also found a lesser extent of shoot damage caused by Bipectilus zhejiangensi, leaf beetles, termites and parasitic flies. In view of the dispersal abilities and potential for damage of wireworms, we suggest that it would be prudent to attempt to control these pests by transplanting bamboo plants, soil improvement and breeding resistant bamboo varieties.