十一种农药对小菜蛾的毒力及其天敌草间小黑蛛的安全性
The toxicities of 11 kinds of insecticides to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella and its natural enemy Erigonidium graminicolum
章金明**，吕要斌，林文彩，黄芳，贝亚维，张蓬军，陈诚
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作者单位：浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地， 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所杭州310021
中文关键词：农药，小菜蛾，毒性，草间小黑蛛，安全性
英文关键词：insecticide, Plutella xylostella, toxicity, Erigonidium graminicolum, security
中文摘要： 通过室内试验，评价了11种农药对3龄小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)幼虫的毒性及其天敌草间小黑蛛的安全性。研究结果表明，苏云金杆菌、氟虫腈、溴虫腈、多杀菌素和丁醚脲对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的杀虫效果最好，致死率达100%；啶虫隆和巴丹效果次之，致死率分别为90.0%和87.5%。对于草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum(Sunderall)幼蛛，丁醚脲、苏云金杆菌、虫酰肼、啶虫隆的初始毒性和持续毒性均较低，接触药膜48 h后致死率都低于30%；而对于草间小黑蛛成蛛，除阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和巴丹外，其余8种农药毒性较低，死亡率低于20%；综合11种农药对小菜蛾和蜘蛛的毒性，苏云金杆菌、丁醚脲、多杀菌素的选择毒性最好，优先推荐在蜘蛛等天敌多的季节使用。
英文摘要： The toxicities of 11 kinds of insecticides to the 3rd instar larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), and its natural enemy Erigonidium graminicolum(Sundervall), were assayed under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrate that Bt, fipronil, chlorfenapyr, spinosad and diafenthiuron could kill 100% of DBM larvae, followed by chlorfluazuron and cartap which killed 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Diafenthiuron, Bt, tebufenozide and chlorfluazuron both showed lower initial and persistent toxicities against E. graminicolum larvae; mortality was < 30% after being subjected to a toxic film of these pesticides for 48 hours. In contrast, the other 8 kinds of insecticides, except for avermectin, alphacypermethrin and cartap, caused < 20% mortality of E. graminicolum adults. Based on these results, Bt, diafenthiuron, spinosad are the best pesticides to control P. xylostella, especially when E. graminicolum is abundant.