白背飞虱回迁种群的形成：2009年安徽潜山的个例分析
Formation of whitebacked planthopper Sogatella surcifera (Horváth) populations: Case studies in Qianshan,
郑大兵1**，杨帆1，赵运1，徐劲峰2，吴彩玲2，张孝羲1，翟保平1***
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作者单位：1南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系 农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部和农业部重点实验室南京210095； 2潜山县植物保护站潜山246300
中文关键词：白背飞虱， 轨迹分析， 虫源性质， 回迁种群
英文关键词：Sogatella furcifera, trajectory analysis, population characteristics, return population
中文摘要：
皖西南的潜山地处白背飞虱 Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)南北往返迁飞的转折点，既是北迁种群的迁入区，又是后期回迁种群形成的重要虫源区。解析此地白背飞虱种群发生的全过程，可为白背飞虱的异地预测和源头治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。本研究利用HYSPLIT轨迹分析平台和MICAPS天气分析系统模拟分析了潜山白背飞虱2009年6个迁入峰次的虫源地和迁入代种群的形成，又通过田间系统调查与雌虫卵巢系统解剖研究了2009年潜山白背飞虱田间发生动态和世代种群性质及回迁种群的形成。结果表明：（1）2009年潜山白背飞虱的迁入虫源6月上旬来自赣西及湘赣交界地区（27.2°N ~28.7°N），6月中下旬来自湘南和湘东南地区（25.1°N ~26.7°N），7月上旬和下旬来自湘东和赣西地区（27.1°N ~28.5°N），7月中旬来自湘东南和赣南地区（25.5°N ~26.8°N），7月底8月初来自赣北和赣西北（28.1°N ~29.4°N）。（2）2009年潜山白背飞虱在中稻田和晚稻田滞留危害，发生危害期延长，为后期回迁提供了大量的虫源。（3）确定了潜山稻区的中稻田和双季晚稻田各发生世代的虫源性质。2009年，白背飞虱迁入种群在中稻上繁殖一个世代后，新羽化的成虫（第3代，7月下旬至8月中旬）因连续降雨而大量滞留本地继续为害中稻田，其后再迁入晚稻田危害并大量增殖，形成第4代（8月下旬至9月中旬）回迁种群大量南迁。此期仍有部分个体滞留，所形成的第5代为无效虫源。
英文摘要： Qianshan County is located in southwest Anhui Province and is important to the northward and southward migration of the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella fiucifera (Horváth) (WBPH) because it is both the area in which spring migrants settle and the source area for autumn emigrants. Understanding WBPH population processes in Qianshan will therefore provide scientific and technical support for regional forecasting and source suppression. Source areas of six immigration peaks of WBPH in Qianshan in 2009 and the formation of immigrant populations were analyzed using HYSPLIT, trajectory analysis software for the simulation of migration pathways, and MICAPS (Meteorological Information Compiling, Analyzing and Processing System). The population dynamics and characteristics of WBPH were studied by systematic field surveys and dissection of female ovaries. The following results were obtained: (1) The source areas of WBPH immigrants in Qianshan were, in early June western Jiangxi and the juncture between Hunan and Jiangxi (27.2°-28.7°N), in mid and late June, southern and southeastern Hunan (25.1°-26.7°N), in early and late July, eastern Hunan and Jiangxi (27.1°-28.5°N), in mid July, southeastern Hunan and southern Jiangxi (25.5°-26.8°N), and from the end of July to the beginning of August, northern and northwestern Jiangxi(28.1°-29.4°N). (2) The period of damage inflicted by WBPH on midseason rice and lateseason rice was extended by the massive retained population in 2009 which provided sufficient recruits to migrate back to source areas. (3) The population characteristics of each generation of WBPH in mid and lateseason rice were determined by their ovarian developmental. The immigrants developed in midseason rice, and most of the newly emerged adults (the 3rd generation) were trapped and retained by successive rainy days from late July to early August. These therefore stayed on the midseason rice crops before latter moving to lateseason crops to breed (late August to mid September). It was the 4th generation that migrated back to the south and the 5th generation of residents became victims of the coming winter.