Not only do natural enemies directly influence prey density by predation and parasitism but they can also indirectly cause the modification of fitness in their victims by modifying their development and fecundity. Experiments were carried out in OTCs with the same CO2 environment to evaluate adaptation of the development and fecundity of three successive generations of Aphis gossypii Glover in response to exposure to both free and caged Lysiphlebia japonica Ashmead. We found that the fecundity of aphids in the first generation significantly decreased in the presence of free L. japonica. However, developmental duration and reproduction were restored when the aphids continued to be exposed to the free L. japonica in the second generation. On the other hand, fecundity of aphids declined remarkably when they had been exposed to caged L. japonica for two successive generations. Aphids persistently exposed to free or caged L. japonica for three successive generations displayed dramatically lengthened or shortened development during the nymphal stage and their reproduction declined coincidentally. These results emphasize the indirect effects of natural enemies on the population dynamics of successive generations of A. gossypii.