Progress in research on diapause of chalcidoids
Author of the article:ZHANG Jie**ZHANG LiSheng***CHEN HongYinLI YuYanWANG Wei
Author's Workplace:Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
Key Words:Chalcidoid, diapause, photoperiod, temperature, host, postdiapause development
Abstract:
Diapause is widespread in a variety of chalcidoids, which are important natural enemies of many pests. Regulating diapause of chalcidoids could achieve several important goals in chalcidoid production: longterm species preservation, prolonging of the period of prevention and control of pests, and improving the chalcidoids’ resistance ability. An analysis of most of the recent literature on the diapause of chalcidoids reveals that 69 species have been studied with regard to diapause in instars, diapause duration, main factors inducing diapause and parental effects on diapause. The literature includes studies of species in the Chalalcididae, Trichogrammatidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Aphelinidae, Eupelmidae, Torymidae, Eurytomidae and the genus Dipriocampe. The majority of chalcidoids diapaused as larvae or prepupae. The diapausesensitive period varies in different species. Chalcidoids have a relatively long diapause duration and most can be maintained for several months. Macroglenes penetrans diapausing in soil at 2.5 degrees can survive for at least 16 months. The major factors influencing diapause of chalcidoids are short day light, low temperature and host. Chrysocharis pubicornis, Aphelinus flavus and Bruchophagus platypterus are species which diapause in summer. Parents may also have an impact on chalcidoids’ diapause. Further research on post-diapause development needs to be undertaken.