[Objectives]  To evaluate the potential ecological risk of transgenic Bt rice to ground-dwelling arthropods. [Methods]  Three different transgenic Bt rice varieties and their isogenic rice tissue residues were fed to Folsomia candida for 28 days after which these were exposed to low temperature to assess their low temperature adaption on the basis of survival and excretion. [Results]  The results show that being fed transgenic Bt rice had no effect on low temperature adaption compared to isogenic rice. However, inserting the Bt gene into rice plants could change the chemical composition of rice, which might affect the survival and excretion of F. candida at low temperature. [Conclusion]  This work is a case study for evaluating the impact of the transgenic Bt rice on the soil ecosystem, and also provides a scientific basis for estimating the safety of transgenic Bt rice.