[Objectives]  To explore the mechanisms used by Laodelphax striatellus to cope with environmental stress; specifically, the expression patterns of the heat shock protein 70 and 90 genes induced by exposure to high temperature and chlorpyrifos. [Methods]  A bioassay was performed to test the sensitivity of female L. striatellus to chlorpyrifos and heat, and real-time quantitative PCR used to analyze the expression levels of the Lhsp70-1, Lhsp70-2, Lhsp90-1 and Lhsp90-2 genes in thermo-tolerant and chlorpyrifos-resistant L. striatellus strains. Changes in the expression of these genes were measured after exposure to 1 hour at 10-42℃ or  LC₂₅ dose of chlorpyrifos for 0.5-12 hours. [Results]  The sensitivity of the thermo-tolerant strain to chlorpyrifos at 27 and 31℃ was 1.39 and 1.95 times, respectively, less than that of the control strain. Survival of the chlorpyrifos-resistant strain increased by 23.58% after exposure to 42℃. After 1 hour at either 30, 34, 38 or 42℃, the expression of the Lhsp70-2, Lhsp90-1 and Lhsp90-2 genes increased by 1.4-2.5, 1.7-3.3 and 1.1-2.0 times, respectively, and the expression of the Lhsp70-1 gene decreased 1.0-1.7 times. The expression of the above four heat shock protein genes either did not change much, or tended to decrease, following exposure to an LC₂₅ dose of chlorpyrifos for 0.5, 8 and 24 h. However, the expression of the Lhsp70-2, Lhsp90-1 and Lhsp90-2 genes increased by 2.32, 1.53 and 2.28 times, respectively following long-term selection for chlorpyrifos resistance, and Lhsp90-1 expression increased by 1.58 times after long-term selection for tolerance to sub-lethal high temperatures. [Conclusion]  These results suggested that the increased expression of Lhsp90-1 may promote the tolerance of L. striatellus to both high temperatures and chlorpyrifos.