[Objectives]  To determine the amino acid sequences of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), a hormone that controls the synthesis of insect sex pheromones, and its receptor proteins, in rice stem borers. [Methods] We used tBlastn searching of the rice pest genome and transcriptome databases to predict sequences of PBAN and its receptors in rice stem borers after which sequences were aligned and a phylogenetic tree constructed. [Results] The mature peptide sequences of PBAN in the rice stem borers, Chilo suppressalis, Tryporyza incertulas and Sesamia inferens, contain 33 amino acid residues, and have the same five peptide sequences in the C-terminal. The similarity of PBAN polypeptides in these three insects was 54.55%-63.64%. The sequences of three isoforms of the PBAN receptor (PBANR-A, PBANR-B and PBANR-C) in C. suppressalis were predicted from the C. suppressalis transcriptome database. All three isoforms contain seven transmembrane regions. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis based on between-species variation in PBAN confirms the established taxonomic relationships among rice stem borer species. The phylogenetic relationships between the PBANs of different rice stem borers, or their receptors, are almost identical to the established phylogenetic relationships between these insects, suggesting co-evolution between insect PBAN, and its receptors, during the process of insect evolution. This study provides a basis for analyzing the function of PBAN, and its receptors, in rice stem borers.