[Objectives]  To investigate the effects of artificial diets containing different nutritional components on the growth and development of the peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulze), and to develop a method to screen artificial diets for rearing the peach aphid in captivity. [Methods]  Peach aphids were fed artificial diets containing one of 5 different concentrations of amino acid solution (A1=50 mmol/L, A2=100 mmol/L, A3=150 mmol/L, A4=200 mmol/L, A5=250 mmol/L) and one of 4 different concentrations of sucrose mixture (S1=250 mmol/L, S2=500 mmol/L, S3=750 mmol/L, S4=1 000 mmol/L). The survival, longevity, and fecundity, of aphids fed on each diet were determined, and the effects of the different diets on aphid life parameters were analyzed using life table techniques. [Results]  Survival and fecundity were significantly affected by the different artificial diets. Aphids that received the A1S3, A1S4 and A3S4 diets had the highest survival rates. There was no significant difference in the longevity of aphids that received these three diets, which were (34.00±1.00) , (33.33±1.15) and (30.6±4.04)d, respectively. Aphids that received the A3S1 and A3S4 diets had the highest number of eggs laid per female and the highest average fecundity; (9.75±2.71) vs (9.43±2.27), and 43.33%±15.28% vs 50.00%±10.00%, respectively. There was no significant difference between these two diets in these parameters. The reproductive rates of aphids that received the A3S1 and A3S4 diets were (4.43±2.31) and (4.63±1.25), respectively; significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of aphids that received the other artificial diets. [Conclusion]  The A3S4 was the best of the diets tested for captive rearing peach aphids.