[Objectives]  To provide a theoretical basis for controlling Bradysia odoriphaga by managing natural environmental factors. [Methods]  The effects of supplementary nutrition (pollen, honey, vitamin, sugar, acetic acid and ethanol), and water, on the reproduction and longevity of B. odoriphaga were assessed in the laboratory. [Results]  Supplementary nutrition and water significantly improved adult reproduction and prolonged longevity compared to dry filter paper. Water had the greatest positive effect on reproduction and longevity; insects provided with water had an oviposition rate > 70%, fecundity per female > 70, and adult male and female longevity > 3 days. Soil moisture also significantly affected reproduction; the oviposition rate was higher when soil-RH was 40%-50%. [Conclusion]  Water had the most important effect on the reproduction and longevity of B. odoriphaga, indeed, adults did not need any other nutrition. We can improve control of B. odoriphaga by controlling their access to water in the field.