[Objectives]  To determine the biological characteristics of Saperda populnea Linnaeus and enhance the breeding efficiency of this species. The physiological activity and mating behavior of S. populnea were studied, including the relationship between antennae and mating rate. [Methods]  Sexual maturation time was studied by color-marking individuals, and mating behavior was studied using the basswood feeding method in natural (May), and simulated (September), mating seasons. [Results]  The survival rate in the natural mating season was low. Individuals go into torpor after emergence before reviving and becoming active. The age of sexual maturity after the eclosion of female adults was 2 d, and that of male adults was 3d.. 29.16% pairs engaged in mating activity with a success rate of about 22.18%. In the simulated mating season, the activity of the first generation adults was higher, and the age of sexual maturity after the eclosion of male and female adults was 2 d. 16.55% pairs engaged in mating activity with a success rate of about 8.27%. [Conclusion]  It was not possible to perform a complete the study of the breeding behavior of S. populnea in a simulated mating season.